【作者】 闫翅鲲；

【导师】 庄勇；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 人口学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十六大报告指出，“就业乃民生之本”。女性作为就业大军中的弱势群体，一直倍受关注。然而，随着经济、社会转型的深入，失业由隐性变为显性，女性“下岗失业比例偏大、职业结构下沉”等性别利益分化现象日趋严峻，已成为当前我国的一个主要社会问题。面对转型带来的巨大冲击，东部和西部地区由于经济发展水平和社会文化环境的巨大差异，城市女性就业状况尤其是就业质量呈现明显的异质性，对于区域协调发展和构建和谐社会提出了挑战。 基于此，本文运用比较研究的方法，以上海市和贵阳市作为个案，对东、西部地区的女性就业状况进行比较，并对差异原因进行分析。比较分析结果显示：从就业率的变化来看，东部地区女性在业率的下降幅度和失业率均高于西部地区。并且，东部地区女性失业群体比西部地区更倾向手年轻化和高学历化。总体上转型期东部地区职业女性受到的冲击要大于西部地区女性。从就业质量来看，在工作收入方面，东部地区两性工资差异小于西部地区，女性总体收入高于西部地区；在享受的保险和福利待遇方面，东部地区女性享受保障的覆盖面、享受保障的种类及其保障程度等均优于西部地区女性；在就业结构方面，西部地区女性在高层次职业岗位和除国有、集体单位以外的其它单位就业的比例都远低于东部地区女性。总体而言，西部地区女性就业质量较东部地区女性偏低。 究其根源，转型期的产业结构调整和东部地区女性自身就业观念的率先转变是造成其下岗、失业比例相对较高的原因。而造成西部地区女性就业质量偏低的因素除西部地区女性受传统性别观念影响至深，将自身角色主要定位于家庭外，源于社会层面的区域经济环境、社会文化环境及其政策与制度环境是影响女性就业状况的最主要因素。因此，要改善东、西部地区女性就业状况，实现区域协调发展，应从以下几方面着手：第一，协调区域经济发展，优化女性就业环境；第二，提高女性群体素质，改善社会文化环境；第三，立足区域差异，加强制度建设。更多还原

【Abstract】 It was indicated in the report of the sixteenth congress of the Chinese Party that: People living by employment. As the feeble colony of employee, the female are noticed by various social circles all the time. But with the development of the social and economic transformation , the phenomena that the urban women’s unemployed rate is much higher than the male and women’s carecr level are declining become serious ,it has been a chief social problem at present. Because the east and the west region in our country differ greatly in economic level and social culture, the condition of urban women’s employment in the two regions are also quite different.In order to make the east region and west region develop in harmony, I use the method of comparison, choose ShangHai and GuiYang as the representatives of east cities and west cities and compare the women’s employment condition in ShangHai city and GuiYang city. From the comparison between the women’s employment of the east region and the west region we can find that: First, the declining range of women’s employed rare and women’s unemployed rate in the east region is higher than that in the west region. Moreover, the unemployed urban women in the east region are younger and higher in education level. Second, the women’s career quality in the east region is better than that in the west region. We can see that from salary, the welfare and insurance they can get, and career structure.Look into the origin of the differences between the women’s employment situations in the two regions we can find that: The regulation of industrial structure in the transformation period and the change of the women’s own idea according to employment are the main causes which make more women be laid off in the east region than that in the west region. Besides that the women in the west region are affected greatly by traditional sexual ideas, the situation of economy, social culture and policy in the west region are also main factors which affect women’s career quality.Under the background of the differences between the east and west region, we should do as the following to improve the women’s employment situations in different regions: First, make the economy develop in harmony in different regions. Second,更多还原