【作者】 杨文；

【导师】 熊继文； 李明；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 农药学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人们逐渐地认识到植物体内的次生物质与植物的生存竞争、化学防御机制有关，从而拓宽了植物化学保护的新思路，即进行植物源农药的研究开发。本论文对曼陀罗叶和籽中的活性物质分别进行了提取，然后以半夏立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia DC．）、甘蓝蚜虫（Brevicoryne brassicae L．）、菜青虫（Pieris rapae L．）、朱砂叶螨（Tetranychus cinnabarinus B．）为靶标生物，对曼陀罗叶和籽提取物的生物活性进行了初筛。根据初筛的结果，选取具有活性的提取物部分，对相应靶标生物的活性进行了较为系统的研究。取得了如下结果： 1 分别用石油醚、氯仿、乙醇对曼陀罗籽和叶进行了系统提取，获得了六种初提物，其中以曼陀罗籽的石油醚初提物(DS₂₁)和氯仿初提物(DS₂₂)的提取率较高，分别为14.34％和13.33％。 2 六种初提物的活性初筛结果表明： （1）曼陀罗叶氯仿初提物(DS₁₂)和曼陀罗籽乙醇初提物(DS₂₃)对半夏立枯丝核菌菌丝的生长具有一定的抑制作用，在剂量为2mg／ml时，处理后4天两处理的平均抑制率分别为36.50％和35.07％、处理后16天两处理的平均抑制率分别为39.72％和39.60％。 （2）曼陀罗叶石油醚初提物(DS₁₁)、曼陀罗籽石油醚初提物(DS₂₁)、曼陀罗叶氯仿初提物(DS₁₂)和曼陀罗籽氯仿初提物(DS₂₂)对甘蓝蚜虫均有较好的生物活性，在剂量为20mg／ml时，处理后24h，四个处理的校正死亡率分别100％、91.49％、100％和86.40％。 （3）六种初提物对菜青虫处理后24h无明显生物活性。 （4）曼陀罗叶乙醇初提物(DS₁₃)和曼陀罗籽乙醇初提物(DS₂₃)对朱砂叶螨具有较好毒杀活性，在剂量为20mg／ml时，处理后24h，其校正死亡率分别达73.87％和95.48％。 3 进一步研究了曼陀罗籽乙醇初提物(DS₁₃)对半夏立枯丝核菌菌丝生长的抑制作用，结果表明，处理后16天，10mg／ml处理的抑制率73.85％。 4 系统地研究了曼陀罗叶石油醚初提物(DS₁₁)、曼陀罗叶氯仿初提物(DS₁₂)、曼陀罗籽石油醚初提物(DS₂₁)、曼陀罗籽氯仿初提物(DS₂₂)对甘蓝蚜虫的触杀活更多还原

【Abstract】 The relation between the secondary material and the competition for existence and chemistry defense mechanism of the plant have been realized. People have carried out the research and exploit of botanical pesticides. In this paper, the active ingrdients were extracted from the leaves and seeds of Datura stromonium L. Biological activity to Rhizoctonia DC, Brevicoryne brassicae L., Pieris rapae Land Tetranychus cinnabarinus B was studied. The results were as follows:1 Six kinds of extracts were extracted systematacially from the leaves and seeds of D. stromonium with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl alcohol, respectively. Among the extracts, the extraction rates of DS21 and DS22 werel4.34% and 13.33%, respectively, higher than other extracts,.2 The results of premilinary study of six extracts’ bioactivity indicate that(1) The inhibition rates of DS13 and DS23 of 2 mg/ml against Rhizoctonia DC, were 36.50% and 35.07%, respectively, after extract treatment of 4 days(2) DS11, DS21, DS12 and DS22 to B. brassicae had better bioactivity. After extract treatment of 24h, the emendation death rate of DS11, DS21, DS12 and DS22 of 20 mg/ml to Brevicoryne brassicae was 100%, 91.49%, 100% and 86.40%, respectively. (3) DS11-1, DS11-2, DS11-3, DS12-1, DS12-2, DS12-3 to P. rapae had no evident bioactivity, after extract treatment of 24 h.(4)DS13 and DS23 to T. cinnabarinus had better bioactivity. After extract treatment of 24 h, the emendation death rate of DS13 and DS23 of 20 mg/ml was 73.87% and95.48%, respectively.3 Inhibittion effect of DS13 to to Rhizoctonia DC was further studied. The results suggest that after extract treatment of 16 days, the emendation death rate of DS13 of 10 mg/ml was 73.85%.4 The touch-kill, anti-feed and endosmose activity of DS11, DS12, DS21 and DS22 to B. brassicae were systematacially studied. The results suggest that DS11, DS12, DS21 and DS22 to B. brassicae had good touch-kill activity. After treatment of 6h, the更多还原