【作者】 丁晓娟；

【导师】 杨昌河；

【作者基本信息】 贵州大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以含Pm21的材料和含有5+10优质亚基的材料进行多基因聚合育种，并利用与Pm21基因相连锁的SCAR分子标记和控制1Dx5和1Dy10基因序列的特异PCR引物对其杂交后代进行分子标记辅助选择（MAS），通过分析得到以下结论： 1．利用5亚基和10亚基的特异PCR标记鉴定几个已知亚基组成材料的1Dx5基因型和1Dy10基因型与其SDS-PAGE验证结果相符，而且PCR标记的结果重复性好，特异性较强。说明利用1Dx5亚基和1Dy10亚基的特异PCR标记选择携带5亚基和10亚基的优质基因型不仅可行，而且准确可靠，用于小麦群体改良品质性状的辅助选择的有效率高，为优质小麦的分子辅助选择提高了可靠依据。 2．利用Pm21抗白粉病基因的特异SCAR₁₄₀₀引物进行辅助选择，在贵农21×Neepawa杂交组合中，MAS选择正确率为95.3％；在JY970012×矮2002杂交组合中，MAS选择正确率为94.1％。两个组合MAS选择正确率相差1.2％。研究结果说明，该SCAR₁₄₀₀引物与Pm21抗病基因的连锁较紧密，对在育种工作中进行Pm21抗病基因的标记选择十分有效，可以提高小麦抗病种质的育种效率，大大缩短育种进程。 3．通过亚基和抗病基因的PCR标记鉴定，在100个贵农21×Neepawa BC₁F₁后代群体单株和50个JYJY970012×矮2002 F₃后代群体单株中可选择到具有抗白粉病基因标记和不同亚基组合的不同单株。因而，通过分子标记辅助选择可以在较早的世代鉴定目的基因，为小麦的优质、抗病育种提供了进一步选育的材料，从而提高了选择的效率。 4．借助与抗病基因相连锁和与小麦品质基因相关的分子标记，初步建立优质抗病小麦育种的分子辅助选择体系，在育种过程中可以对早代材料进行亚基组成和抗病基因的分子标记辅助选择，可大大提高杂种后代选择的准确性和育种效率，从而缩短育种年限，加快小麦品种的繁育速度。更多还原

【Abstract】 The gene pyramiding in the material that contained Pm21 and the material that contained subunit pair 5+10 were determined, and the SCAR-based markers linking with powdery mildew resistance gene and the special PCR primers controlling the gene sequence of 1Dy10 and 1Dx5 were used for molecular assisted selection in hybrid offspring. The main results were summarized as followed:1. The result of 1Dx5 and IDylO specific PCR markers was accorded with the result of SDS-PAGE in some materials, also the repetition and speciality of PCR results were good. It indicated that using the 1Dx5 and 1Dy10 special PCR primer to select subunit pair 5+10 was not only feasible, and accurately reliable, and it was effective to select the good quality in wheat and provided the reliable basis on MAS of wheat.2. The MAS efficiency of SCAR₁₄₀₀ in BC₁F₁ between Guinong21 and Neepawa reached 95.3%. The MAS efficiency of SCARhoo in F₃ between JYJY970012 and Ai2002 reached 94.1%. The two efficiency differed 1.2%.The result showed that the SCAR₁₄₀₀ primer linked to Pm21 more closely, then this marker could be conveniently used for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding programs for the identification or pyramiding of Pm21, and shorten the breeding process.3. In the population of 100 plants F₃ in Guinong21×Neepawa and 50 plants BC₁F₁ in JYJY970012×Ai2002 could select the different subunit combination of plants with resisted powdery mildew gene by the special PCR primers. Thus by way of MAS, it could appraise the purpose gene in early filial generation, and provide the further material of seed selection for the wheat breeding of good subunit and resistanted gene, thus raising the selection efficiency.4. Having the aid of the PCR marker that linked to the resistanted and quality gene to establish MAS System of good subunit and resistanted wheat breeding, it could take the place of MAS to assist selecting the subunit compositions and resistanted gene in early filial generation, and it could greatly increase accuracy and breeding efficiency and speed up the breeding speed of wheat varieties.更多还原