基于GIS的水资源评价及系统开发

【作者】 凌敏华；

【导师】 左其亭；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 水资源是人类生存和经济社会发展的物质基础，是不可替代的重要自然资源。随着经济社会的快速发展，人们对水资源的需求越来越高，然而可资利用的淡水资源是有限的。匮乏的水资源不仅制约了经济社会的发展，而且造成了水环境的不断恶化。熟悉水资源及其时空分布，是进行水资源开发、利用、规划、管理的前提与基础。因此，研究区域水资源评价具有重要的理论与现实意义。 本文在参阅了大量参考文献的基础上，介绍了水资源评价的国内外研究现状以及GIS技术在水资源领域特别是在水资源评价中的运用，在分析水资源构成及特点的基础上，建立了流域水资源评价模型，以塔里木河流域为研究对象，开展了“基于GIS的流域水资源评价方法及应用”研究。 水资源评价的基本理论与方法的论述是本文的主要内容之一。本文详细论述了水资源评价的内容、基本理论、方法，探讨了流域水资源数量、质量、开发利用、综合评价的评价模型和计算方法，建立了降水空间插值计算、水资源开发利用程度评价、水资源时空变化模拟、水资源与经济社会发展协调度DD(T)计算等模型。 基于GIS的水资源评价系统的开发研究也是本文的主要内容之一。详细地论述了系统开发目标、设计原则、系统构成、主要功能设计及实现。 基于上述研究，以塔里木河流域为研究区域，在收集大量资料的基础上，对塔里木河流域水资源进行评价，并将评价结果与历史资料分析、对比。应用表明，计算结果合理、可靠，实用性大，可为水资源合理配置提供重要的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water is the material basis of human being’s survival, economic and social development. It is important natural resource that can’t be replaced. With the quick development of economic and social, the demands for water resources has become higher and higher, but the freshwater utilized is limited. The shortage of water resources not only restricts the development in economic society but also brings about the continual deterioration of water environment. Knowing the water resources and it’s distributing of space-time well is the precondition and foundation of exploitation, utilization, planning and management to water resources.Basing on a lot of references, this paper introduces the existing research results of the domestic and overseas about water resources evaluation, and the application of GIS on water resources especially on water resources evaluation. On the basis of analyzing the structure and characteristic of water resources, the model of water resources evaluation is established and applied to Tarim river watershed which is selected as the research object. Then the study of "the evaluation methods and its application of watershed water resources based on GIS"is processed.Studying the basic theory and methods is one of the major tasks of the paper. The contents, basic theory and methods of water resources evaluation are presented detailedly in this paper, and the evaluation model and calculation methods of the quantity, quality, exploitation utilization and comprehensive evaluation of water resources are discussed. In this paper, the spatial interpolation calculation model of precipitation, the evaluation model of water resources development level, the simulation model of temporal and spatial change of water resources and the coordinating degree DD (T) model on water resources and economic society are established.The development of GIS-based water resources evaluation system is also one of the major contents. The goal, the principle, the structure, the major function, the design and the realization of water resources evaluation system are discussed detailedly in this paper.Based on antecedent research and collecting a large number of data, Tarim river watershed is taken as the research object. Through water resources evaluation to Tarim river watershed and by contrast with historical data, it indicates that the conclusion is reasonable, credible and effective, and the significant reference for allocating water resources rationally is provided.更多还原