【作者】 余建峰；

【导师】 张浩勤；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 化学工艺， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展，能源短缺和环境污染问题已对世界经济的可持续发展带来严峻的挑战。开展可再生能源的研究，寻找有效的治理环境污染的方法是目前研究的热点，畜禽粪便处理技术是其中一个十分重要的方面。高温厌氧发酵技术是有效处理畜禽粪便的新工艺，采用该工艺处理畜禽粪便没有二次污染，无需加水稀释粪便、发酵后的产物无需脱水，同时可产生甲烷，既治理了环境，又产生了新能源，并提供优质有机肥，因而具有良好的应用前景。 本文用奶牛场废弃物作为产甲烷原料，以污水处理厂各种活性污泥经驯化后作为产甲烷菌源，在50L甲烷反应器中通过厌氧发酵制取甲烷气。实验过程中厌氧反应器的运行参数为：温度为55±1℃、搅拌转速为50～80r／min、初始料液浓度为20％、接种量为30％、接种物中固含量为10gTS／L。实验着重考察不同活性污泥作为接种物及加入微量金属元素对牛粪厌氧处理系统的影响，并取得了有意义的研究结果。 1、实验研究了不同接种物(二沉池污泥、浓缩池污泥、厌氧池污泥)对牛粪厌氧处理系统的影响。结果表明，用二沉池污泥经驯化作为天然厌氧微生物来源优于其他情况。用二沉池污泥接种，反应器的产气量达362.9mL／gTS；COD的去除率达66.5％。实验分析了厌氧生物反应的代谢产物，其主要成分为挥发性脂肪酸(乙酸、丙酸和丁酸)、氢气、甲烷和二氧化碳。由于液相代谢产物中丁酸含量远高于其它几种挥发性脂肪酸含量，因此可以推断此时反应器内的发酵类型属于丁酸型发酵产甲烷。 2、在厌氧反应器内(用浓缩污泥作为接种物)加入适量的微量金属离子(Fe、Co、Ni)，产气能力达237.4mL／gTS，明显高于不加微量金属离子的厌氧系统产气能力174.1mL／gTS。COD／BOD去除率达69.5％／75.6％。实验结果表明，添加适量的微量金属离子可加快厌氧反应速率，对厌氧系统菌种的生长、繁殖有较大的促进作用。 3、实验发现采用多种污泥混合(二沉池污泥与厌氧污泥)培养的接种物，经驯化处理后产甲烷菌(以亨氏短杆菌为主)较丰富。接种后反应器启动速度较快(仅需4天就可以开始产气)；产气能力高达396.4mL／gTS，其中平均甲烷浓度为56.32％(最高为89.71％)，COD的去除率达72.3％。实验结果表明，将多种污泥混合培养的接种物用于牛粪厌氧发酵取得了良好的效果，并且至今还未见有类似的报道。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of economy, the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution bring challenge to sustainable development of our nation economy. It is very significant to find some new substitute energy, develop the study of renewable energy. The anaerobic thermophilic fermentation is the one of most promising new technology. Using this technology can not only decrease the environment pollution, also give rise to the new energy sources and provide the excellent manure. It must have a good future because it can gain the synthetically utilizing benefits.It was studied that methane can be produced with the process of anaerobic thermophilic fermentation, which takes use of cattle manure that is from the dairy nearby as the material, and different kinds of active sludge domesticated as the sources of methane-bacteria. In the reactor with the volume of 50L, the operating parameters were controlled in following conditions: temperature was 55 ± 1 ℃; stirring rate was 50~~80r/min; initial concentration of the stuff solution was 20%; the overall number of substrates was 30% of the fermentation solution and the solid amount of substrates was 10gTS/L. Experiment focused on the influences of different kinds of substrates and adding some amount of metallic ions for the reacting process. The significant results can be acquired by producing methane in the anaerobic fermentation system.1. First of all, the influences for the reacting process was studied with different kinds of substrates form the second depositing tank、 the enriched tank and anaerobic tank as the anaerobic microorganisms. The experimental result demonstrates that the substrates form the second depositing tank as inoculation is the best for the anaerobic fermentation. Under this operating condition, the capability of producing gas was up to 362.9 ml/gTS , and the removing rate of COD was 66.5%. It was analyzed that the main metabolizing products were made up of the VFA(Volatile Fatty Acid, mainly as acetic acid, propanoic acid, propylformic acid),hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide . In the liquid metabolizing products, the amount of propylformic acid is much larger than that of other kinds of VFA. Therefore, it can be asserted that when using the active sludge form the second更多还原