基于DICOM标准的核医学PACS系统研究

【作者】 张斌；

【导师】 赵书俊；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 光学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 DICOM(Digital Imaging and Communications of Medicine)已成为数字化医学图像格式和传输的世界标准，而遵循该标准实现的PACS(Picture Archiving and Communication system，医疗图像管理与通信系统)系统也已成为医疗机构信息化的基础设施之一，在临床诊断、医学研究和教学、远程医疗等领域正扮演着越来越重要的脚色。 DICOM标准主要包括数字化医学影像的数据结构和传输规范的定义。其目标是实现医疗影像信息的无障碍交流和共享，实现各种成像设备和医疗信息系统之间的互联互通互操作。 PACS系统运用了多种现代信息技术，采用DICOM标准，实现对医学图像的采集、存储、管理、传输和重现。其目标是临床诊断的无胶片化，医学影像资源的充分共享和利用。PACS系统的核心任务是医学影像的存储管理与传输控制。 核医学成像是将放射性药物引入人体后，通过探测放射性核素的分布来反映脏器的形态、生理和代谢功能的成像手段，是目前最佳的分子水平成像模态，但其空间分辨率低。在核医学科建立PACS系统，借助该平台，实现多模态图像的配准和融合，将会克服核医学影像的缺点，充分发挥它的独特优势，这就是本论文的研究目的所在。 本论文首先深入细致地剖析了DICOM 3．0标准的核心内容，包括面向对象的信息单元和功能单元定义、数据编码规则、层次化信息模型、图像文件解析、网络协议架构、基于C／S结构的通讯模型等内容，这是理解DICOM标准的钥匙，也是PACS系统开发的基石。 其次，对PACS系统的体系结构和关键实现技术进行了分析和总结，包括网络通讯、数据库设计、存储方案实施和关键的设计规划准则。 最后，遵照DICOM标准和PACS系统设计原则，规划设计了一个小型核医学科PACS系统，包括服务器端和工作站端，可实现基本的医学影像传输和管理，实现对核医学影像的初步处理。并将项目组前期开发的核医学图像处理模块，整合进PACS系统的影像工作站软件中，以满足核医学图像处理的特殊需求。论文详细描述了服务器的架构、功能、数据库结构以及多线程数据调取模块、传输控制策略和DICOM数字网关的实现，并介绍了已实现的核医学图像处理模块的原理与功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Digital Imaging and Communications of Medicine (DICOM) has become a world-wide standard. Picture Archiving and Communication system (PACS), based on DICOM standard, has also become one of infrastructures of information in medical organizations, which has been playing a more and more significant role in the field of clinical diagnosis, researching and teaching in medicine, teletherapy and so on.DICOM mainly includes the definitions of data structure and transmission specification of digital medical imaging. It aims at the targets of implementing communication and share of medical imaging without obstacles between different systems, and of realizing interconnection and interoperability among varied medical modalities and medical information management systems.Many kinds of modern information technologies are used in PACS, which follows DICOM standard and implements acquisition, storage, administration, communication, sharing and occurs of medical imaging. The realization of "filmless" in hospital, sharing and utilizing resources of medical imaging fully is the goal of PACS. Especially its central function is archiving images and controlling data transmission.Nuclear medicine imaging is a way in which organic shapes, physiological and metabolic functions can be acquired and reflected through detecting distribution of radionuclide after radiopharmaceuticals is injected into human body. It is the most optimum image modality at molecular level presently, except the considerable defect of its relatively low space resolution. When PACS is constructed in Department of Nuclear Medicine, Registration and fusion of multi-modal images can be achieved. Then disadvantages of nuclear medicine imaging will be overcome and its unique advantages will be extended. This is just the objective of this dissertation.At first, the core of DICOM 3.0 is analyzed in detail in the dissertation, including oriented object definitions of information unit and function unit, encoded mode, hierarchy information model, architecture of network, parsing of image file, communication model based on C/S architecture and so on. These are keys to understanding DICOM. These are also foundation stone of developing PACS.更多还原