【作者】 旦辉；

【导师】 汪灵；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 材料学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为了给成都金沙出土古象牙的有效保护提供科学依据，采用电子扫描电镜、X射线衍射、X荧光光谱、差热—热重分析仪等现代测试技术与方法，对成都金沙出土古象牙的基本物理性质、化学腐蚀性质、脱水特征、微生物特征和赋存环境进行分析，并通过与新鲜亚洲象牙的对比分析，探讨了古象牙物理化学性质变化机理及赋存环境对它的影响，取得了以下成果和进展： 新鲜象牙内层饱和密度为1.76g/cm~3，古象牙饱和密度平均值为1.76g/cm~3，其中外层为2.00 g/cm~3，内层平均为1.645g/cm~3，结果证明：古象牙是一种多孔材料，其孔隙率为57.8～70.0％。 新鲜象牙天然含水率为15.3％，古象牙天然含水率平均值为53.77％，其中外层为31.1％，内层平均为65.1％。，在37℃恒温烘箱中干燥，新鲜象牙9天后失水率为12.36％，形貌没有变化，古象牙在6小时后，失水率就高达为31.37％，更为严重地是水分丢失后古象牙会开裂，甚至粉化。 古象牙、新鲜象牙和天然磷灰石都易溶于酸，难溶于碱，它们在1％HCL中的腐蚀量分别为92.69％、90.9％和80.02％，20％NaOH中的腐蚀量分别为2.79％、3.14％和6.12％。成都金沙古象牙和新鲜象牙的酸腐蚀量比天然磷灰石高，碱腐蚀量比天然磷灰石的低。新鲜象牙含有的有机成分极易和碱反应。 经过对古象牙上微生物的分离纯化，一共得到4种微生物，各是曲霉、青霉、细菌和放线菌。通过平板和扫描电镜观察，直观地表现出了它们各自的菌落形态特征，为成都金沙古象牙的防霉防菌打下了基础。 古象牙赋存土壤样品主要由粘土及硅酸盐矿物组成，其pH和Eh的平均值分别为6.5和—13.5 mV。这种弱酸性还原环境的形成与土壤中含有0.3％左右的腐殖酸有着密切的关系；成都金沙古象牙pH和Eh值平均分别为6.46和—15.5mV，与土壤pH和Eh值非常接近，这种赋存环境对它的地下长期保存影响较小的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to provide the scientific basis for effective protection method of the ancient ivory unearthed from Jinsha, Chengdu, China, the basic physical properties, chemic cauterization properties, host environment, microorganism of the ancient ivory unearthed from Jinsha site was measured, calculated and analyzed by SEM, XRD, XRF, TG-DTA and so on which are modern test technology and means. The difference among the ancient ivory unearthed from Jinsha, Chengdu and the fresh Asia ivory were contrasted. Discuss character of ivory’s physics and chemistry, and host environment’s effect with ivory. The results of research as follows;The saturation density of the lining of fresh ivory is 1.76 g/cm~3 and ancient ivory is 1.76 g/cm . The outer of ancient ivory is 2.00 g/cm , the average of lining of the ancient ivory is 1.645 g/cm~3. The experiments proved that ancient ivory is a material with many holes, the hole ratio of ancient ivory is 57.8~70.0%.The containing water or moisture of fresh ivory is 15.3%, the average of the ancient ivory is 53.77%. The outer of ancient ivory is 31.1%, the lining is 65.1%. When drying at 37℃ in the constant temperature oven, the dehydration ratio of fresh ivory is 12.36% after nine days, and its body is no change, but the ratio of dehydration of ancient ivory is 31.37% after 6 hours, the ancient ivory crazed and pulverized.They easy dissolve acid and hard dissolve alkali which are the ancient ivory unearthed from Jinsha, Chengdu ivory, fresh ivory and savage apatite. Their corrosion data in the 1% hydrochloric acid is 92.69%, 90.9% and 80.02%, but in the 20% sodium hydroxide is 2.79%, 3.14% and 6.12%.The quantity of ache cauterization of the ancient ivory from Jinsha and fresh ivory are higher than the savage apatite, and the quantity of alkali cauterization of the ancient ivory and fresh ivory are lower than the savage apatite. The organic composition of fresh ivory easy response to alkali.Through separated and purified microorganism in the ancient ivory, we have four microorganism. They are aspergillus, penicillium, bacteria and actinomycete. Observed by flat and SEM photography, straightly put up theirs’ shape character. They are basic of preventing microorganism for the ancient ivory.Samples of host soil of the ancient ivory are mainly composed of clay minerals and silicate minerals, their pH and Eh average value are 6.5 and —13.5 mV. There is close connection with the formation of weak acid-reduction environment and about 0.3 percent of humic acid in soils. The pH and Eh average value of the ancient ivory are 6.5 and —13.5 mV, they are close to the soil’s. This host environment is advantage for protecting the ancient ivory.更多还原