【作者】 郑军；

【导师】 冯文光； 刘维国；

【作者基本信息】 成都理工大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着人类对能源需求的日益增长和常规油、气资源的日益递减，煤层气因其埋藏浅和储量大作为非常规气藏越来越为人们所注目。为了减少在油气开发与开采过程中各种因素对储层的损害，前人在应力敏感、速敏、水敏、酸敏、碱敏以及各种化学物质对储层敏感性方面做了大量的研究工作。我国煤层气勘探起步较晚，相对常规油气田，无论是勘探还是开发都存在一定的差距，就煤层气储层损害与保护这样重要的研究领域，还基本上是一片空白。由于煤岩易脆易压缩的物理性质和复杂有机沉积物的化学性质以及特殊的基质孔隙和割理组成的孔隙结构，使得煤层气储层更易随外部应力变化和外来流体侵入使其渗透性遭到损害。煤岩的机械性质差，使得煤的井筒取芯和钻取适合室内实验用的小岩心相当困难，国内煤层气储层敏感性研究大多采用一定粒度的煤粒压制的模拟岩心，这显然于煤层实际孔隙结构相差甚远，而且敏感性室内实验内容大多集中在应力敏感性和钻井液、压裂液对煤层气储层的损害上，对其它敏感性研究鲜有报道。国外对煤层气储层敏感性的研究报道也较少，主要也是集中在对应力敏感和压裂液中聚合物敏感性方面。 我国煤层气储层大多低孔（Φ＜10％）、低渗(K＜1×10^-3μm²)、低压（煤层一般埋深不深），这使得钻开煤层气储层后需要压裂后方能开采。本次对煤层气储层敏感性研究，主要是为配制适合煤层气储层的低伤害泡沫压裂液提供依据。实验采用了晋城无烟煤和韩城烟煤，钻取了适合室内实验用小岩心。由于煤层气储层敏感性实验目前还未有一个统一的实验方法和评价标准，考虑到煤层气储层的特殊性，本次研究在常规油气储集层成熟的敏感性流动实验行业标准的基础上，提出了适合煤层气储层应力敏感、速敏、水敏和水锁实验的室内实验方法，较为系统地研究了煤层气储层的应力敏感性、速度敏感性、水敏感性和对工作液的敏感性，对工作液敏感性的实验中研究了适合配制压裂液的各种水质（包括自来水、过滤河水、清澈河水、混浊河水）对煤层气储层的损害，同时，对压裂液添加剂中各种可能含有的表面活性剂对煤层气储层的损害以及表面活性剂溶液在返排过程中可能造成的水锁损害进行了系统研究，并且对各种敏感性的可能机理进行了初步探讨。这不仅为本次泡沫压裂液的优化设计提供了依据，也为煤层气开采的各个环节避免和减轻储层损害提供了理论指导。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increasing decrease of normal natural gas resource and the sharp increase of natural gas demand, coalbed gas as a kind of nonnormal natural gas resource is valued by more and more people.In order to decrease the damage to conventional reservoirs,great many studies have done on the stress sensitivity flow rate sensitivity water sensitivity acid sensitivity alkali sensitivity and diversified chemic substance sensitivity. Comparing with oil field, the exploration and development of coalbed well is quite new and the research work about protecting the coalbed seam from damage has not been done in our country.Because of special physical property special chemistry property and special pore structure, the permeability of the coalbed seam is easier reduced than oil field when stress is changed or outer liquid flowed in. Considering that coring in coalbed gas well are difficult, powdered coal packs are usually choosed to do flowing experiment apparently this packs are quite different from the true coalbed cores in pore structure. Moreover,the majority of sensitivity study have be done on the stress sensitivity and the permeability damage which caused by drilling fluid and fracturing fluid. This kind of reports in outside is also quite limited,the studies also only have done on the stress sensitivity and the polymer sensitivity.The majority of gas-bearing coalbed in our country have low porosity （Φ <10%） low permeability(K<l × 10^-3 μ m²)and low pressure（buried not very deep）.So the commonly used method of development of coalbed methane well is hydraulic fracturing.For providing the basis of how to prepare low damage foam fracturing fluid,we have done this coalbed’sensitivity experiments. Blind coal from JinCheng and soft coal from Hancheng are used and cores are prepared in this experiment. Considering the specific characteristics of gas-bearing coalbed,we put forward the experimental methods that suit gas-bearing coalbed with reference to the methods of normal sandstone statas.We have done systemic studies of coalbed seam on the stress sensitivity flow rate sensitivity water sensitivity and working更多还原