【作者】 黄晓霞；

【导师】 樊国盛； 赵林森；

【作者基本信息】 西南林学院 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 三翅槭（Acer trialatum L. L. Deng，K. Y. Wei et G. S. Fan，sp. nov.）为槭树科（Aceraceae L．）槭属（Acer L．）植物，因其果具有三翅而区别于槭属内其它植物。迄今为止，三翅槭仅在昆明市区东北部西南林学院教学区发现了唯一的一株。为了解该树种的特性和扩大其种群数量，本论文着重对其进行了形态学、生物学特性和生长节律的观测分析和组织培养、硬枝与嫩枝扦插及高空压条等繁殖技术的研究。 与槭属的其它树种相比，三翅槭有其自身的形态学与生物学特性。观测结果表明：三翅槭于3月中旬萌芽，而后抽枝展叶。一年抽枝两次，分别形成春梢和秋梢；枝条年均生长长度约20-30cm；叶生长期20d，成熟叶片大小约为4cm×7.5cm。三翅槭花杂性同株，花芽先叶芽一周萌动，开花盛期在4月初，但由于雄花和两性花花期不同，不能完成授粉与授精过程，因此有果无实。 三翅槭花器官结构较为特殊，两性花柱头多为3裂，子房多为3室。4月下旬落花后，子房膨大形成多为三翅的无籽果实，果实于11月初完成形态成熟。叶片于11月中旬变色、脱落。12月初树木开始进入休眠期。 三翅槭花粉为长球形，极面观为3裂圆形，花粉大小为21.2（19.8-22.7）μm×30.7（28.6-33.5）μm，具3沟，沟细长，外壁表面为条纹状纹饰，条纹或多或少交错排列，条纹间多具穿孔。 由于三翅槭有果无实，不能进行有性繁殖，本文对其开展了无性繁殖技术研究。三翅槭的组织培养试验结果表明：植物生长调节剂和基本培养基的选择对组培结果影响较大。在启动培养中，于5月中旬选用当年生嫩茎为外植体，消毒方法用（酒精10″+HgCl₂ 3′+HgCl₂ 4′），培养基配方选用MS+NAA_0.5+6-BA_2.5时可诱导出愈伤组织，其诱导率为84.6％：培养基配方为MS+NAA_0.2+6-BA_2.5时，可诱导出芽，诱导率为14.3％。但在继代培养中，腋芽因褐化严重而相继死亡，而愈伤组织经多种配方仍未能分化出丛芽：选用MS+NAA_0.5+6-BA_0.2的培养基配方，可分化出根。 三翅槭的扦插试验表明：三翅槭插条成活率较低，生根比较困难。其中扦插时间的选择较为关键，其次是处理方法和扦插基质对插条生根率的影响较大。结果表明：三翅槭的扦插宜在8月中旬进行，选用当年生半木质化茎段为插条，处理方法用（NAA+IBA）50ppm或ABT1号250ppm，处理时间为2小时，基质选用透气性较好的火山土或腐殖土与蛭石的混合基质，其生根率较高，可达46.7％。 本文对三翅槭的高空压条试验着重研究了环剥及刻伤对高空压条生根率的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Acer trialatum L .L.Deng, K. Y .Wei et G .S .Fan, sp .nov., is a newlydiscovered and nominated species belonging to genus Acer, family Aceracae. It differs from other species of genus Acer because of its three-winged fruits. Up to now, only a single plant of this species has been found in the teaching quarter of Southwest Forestry College, northeast of Kunming. To understand its properties and to expand its population, the morphological traits and biological characteristics, growth rhythm, together with propagation measures including tissue culture, cottage propagation and air layering of the of Acer trialatum L .L.Deng were studied.Compared with other species in genus Acer, Acer trialatum has its own particularity in biological characteristics. It was showed by the observation that the buds sprouted in mid of March, then the leaf buds unfolded and new shoots grew afterwards. There were twice shoot sprouting each year and therefore spring shoots and autumn shoots formed respectively, and the average annual growth of branches was 20cm to 40cm in length. The growth period of leaves lasted for about 20d, the mature size of leaves was 4cm wide and 7.5cm long. The flowers of Acer trialatum included both monosexual flowers and hermaphrodite flowers. The flower buds sprouted seven days’ earlier than the leaf buds , and the full blooming period appeared at the beginning of April. Since the blooming periods of male and hermaphrodite flowers did not overlap, the pollination insemination process could not be completed, and the wing fruits did not produce seeds inside.The flower’s morphological traits of Acer trialatum also had its particularity. The stigma of female flower was divided into 3 parts and the ovary had 3 locules. In late April, the ovary expanded and 3 wing fruits developed without seeds. The fruits ripened morphologically at the beginning of November. The leaves began to change color and then shed in mid November, and the tree started to be in dormancy at the beginning of December.The pollen grains of Acer trialatum were long spherical in shape and circular with 3 lobes in polar view. The mean size of the pollen was 21.2(19.8-22.7) μm×30.7(28.6-33.5)更多还原