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蒸汽冷却叶片的数值模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Steam-cooling Turbine Blades

【作者】 杨凡

【导师】 郑洪涛;

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 , 轮机工程, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 燃气轮机具有效率高、体积小、重量轻、维护简单、机动性好、运行可靠、自动化程度高、造价低等优点,因而广泛应用在航空工业、陆用发电、天然气输送、石油、铁路和造船工业中。为了提高燃气轮机的效率,通常增加涡轮的入口温度使其尽可能接近理想配比燃烧温度。这样对涡轮部件产生了很大的热负荷,使得涡轮叶片的冷却成为一个关键的技术。第一级静叶受到的热负荷最大,因此对它进行有效的冷却是很有必要的。 随着计算流体力学及计算机的发展,数值模拟涡轮叶片表面各个部位的冷却效果已经成为可能。应用数值模拟的方法可以对实验难以测量的参数进行预估,可以很精确的模拟出其内部的流场分布和表面温度分布的特点,而不需要大量的实验。应用数值模拟的方法对涡轮的叶片冷却进行分析和研究,有利于提高工作的可靠性和经济性,因此数值模拟的方法是研究燃气轮机叶片冷却技术的一个重要的手段。 本文针对某型涡轮的第一级静叶进行了稳态三维湍流的数值模拟研究,应用Unigraphics和ICEM软件建立涡轮静叶的计算模型及其计算网格,并利用全三维数值模拟软件Fluent对涡轮叶片冷却进行了模拟,计算中采用标准k-ε双方程湍流模型和SIMPLE算法。并且分别通过改变燃气轮机第一级静叶前缘气膜孔的直径、数目以及射流方向,计算出叶片外表面的温度分布和冷却空气流量,分析了实际冷却叶片设计中可能出现的问题,提出了一种叶片前缘气膜冷却设计的新方案。 最后,本文还开展了蒸汽冷却叶片的研究。在原有空气冷却模型的基础上,设计了两种对流冷却型式的蒸汽冷却叶片。分别为蛇形冷却腔和间隔板式冷却腔的蒸汽冷却叶片。并且进行了数值仿真,通过比较发现,后者无论是叶片冷却效果还是冷却流量的消耗方面都有相当大的优势。

【Abstract】 Gas turbine has the advantages of efficient, small volume, lightness, simpleness of maintenance, good flexibility, high reliability of operation, high degree of automatization and low cost. At present it is widely used in aviation, power station, natural gas transportation, petroleum, railway and shipbuilding industry. For compact high efficiency turbines to operate at near stoichiometric inlet temperatures, the cooling of turbine blades is a critical issue.Because the first stator blades are heavily thermally loaded, efficient blade cooling is necessary.With the rapid development of computational fluid dynamics and computer, Numerical simulation of cooling effectiveness at different sites on turbine blade surface has been possible, and exactly simulate the characteristic of flow field in turbine and surface cooling effectiveness, thus do not need many experiment.Using numerical simulation method to analysis and research the cooling effectiveness on turbine blade surface can improve reliability and reduce the cost. So numerical simulation method is a important means to research the inner mechanism of turbine.In this article, numerical simulation of three dimension steady outflow of the first stator blades of some turbine model is studied. First, according to the requirement of engineering software, using the software Unigraphics and ICEM make computational model and computational grid of the turbine, then using the software Fluent simulate the inner flow in turbine. During computing standard k-ε couple equation turbulence model and SIMPLE arithmetic are applied. And separately changing the diameter, inject direction and location of the film-cooling wholes on leading edge, the paper simulate blade temperature and

  • 【分类号】TK263
  • 【被引频次】12
  • 【下载频次】595
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