【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 李冠；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 以醉马草做实验材料,做了以下研究工作。通过系统预试验确定了所含主要成分种类;小白鼠毒理实验确定有毒成分所在的溶剂部位;比较了三种(渗漉法、乙醇煎煮法、超声波提取法)不同提取方法的提取效率;通过190-400 nm紫外波段扫描测定醉马草总生物碱的特征吸收波长;醉马草总生物碱提取方法的确定及以盐酸小檗碱做标准品,比较不同生长时期醉马草总生物碱含量;三因素四水平正交设计实验确定最佳提取工艺。目的在于找到醉马草的有毒部位及有毒物质,为治理或开发醉马草这一资源提供理论依据。结果:样品所含的有机物除了生物碱外,还含有黄酮、蛋白质、碳水化合物、脂肪、有机酸、氨基酸、色素、甾体等物质;毒性成分主要集中在春季采集的苗期材料的95%食用乙醇提取部分,中毒小白鼠表现为心跳呼吸加速、流泪、四肢无力嗜睡等症状;渗漉法效率高,但是耗时长,超声波提取法提取时间短、效率高,但浸膏不好溶,相比之下乙醇煎煮法比较适合实验室用于提取研究工作;醉马草总生物碱含量的特征波长为196 nm、274 nm和340 nm ,其中196 nm处的吸收峰对总生物碱的含量影响最大;测量总生物碱的方差分析确定A3B2C3D3是最佳提取工艺,即提取温度为80℃下用95%的食用乙醇按10倍、8倍、6倍量每次煎煮3h。更多还原

【Abstract】 The plant of Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng was selected as the experiment material, The main research work was done thereinafter. By systematic protesting the main components were make sure. The powders of sample was extracted with Petroleum ether, ether, chloroform, 95% edible-ethanol in their given order, All the extracts were examined for toxicity on mice when fed as suspended and the main poisonous components were presented whenR extracted with 95%edible-ethanol. Besides the mice were made heartbeat and breathing accelerating, toddle, lachrymation, sleepy-strongly, disability etc. Ultrasonic extraction, leaking method and ethanol decoction etc were compared. Results shewed that the third method was the best. The ultraviolet (wavelength from190 to 400 nm) scant the total alkaloids of Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng, That the proper measure absorbance were 196 nm, 274 nm and 340 nm. The extracting effects of alkaloids from Achnatherum inebrians (Hance) Keng by ethanol with different concentration were optimized by extract properties and characteristic of the extract. The results showed that the optimized extracting condition were A3B2C3D3: on 80℃boiling for 3 hours and using 24 times volume of 95% ethanol.更多还原