【作者】 吴全富；

【导师】 张校刚；

【作者基本信息】 新疆大学 ， 物理化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 超级电容器是近年来发展起来的一种新型储能器件,其比电容为常规静电电容器的100倍以上,能量密度可以达到化学电源的十分之一左右,却有着比电池高10倍以上功率密度。对电化学电容器的研究可以分为两个方面:一是进一步提高现有体系的性能;另一方面是研究开发新材料,寻找更理想的电极体系和材料。本论文共分为三章:第一章是电化学电容器的概述;第二章是聚苯胺的两种衍生物的电化学电容行为及聚苯胺纳米线的制备与表征;第三章是聚吡咯的电化学电化学电容行为。以下是每部分的具体内容。第一章概述了电化学电容器的储能机理、特点、应用范围等,并介绍了碳基材料、金属氧化物和导电聚合物做电极材料,以及混合电化学电容器的最新研究进展。最后提出了自己对超级电容器电极材料的研究设想和方法。第二章主要介绍了苯胺两种衍生物的聚合物的电化学电容行为及水热法制备聚苯胺纳米线,共分为三部分。1.用化学直接氧化法在乙腈溶液中,以高氯酸为掺杂剂制备了聚联苯胺,用循环伏安,交流阻抗,直流充放电对其电容行为进行了研究,聚联苯胺电极比电容为150 F/g。在1-500圈的直流充放电过程中,聚联苯胺的比电容损失了16.7%。2.用固相反应的方法合成了磷钨酸掺杂的聚二苯胺。我们对聚二苯胺的电化学电容行为进行了研究,磷钨酸掺杂的聚二苯胺电极在0.5 mol/L HCl水溶液中电阻较小,具有电化学电容特性。单电极比电容为80 F/g。磷钨酸掺杂的聚二苯胺是值得考虑的电化学电容器备选材料。3.在水热条件下通过化学直接氧化的方法得到聚苯胺纳米纤维,讨论了苯胺的浓度,掺杂酸和浓度以及水热时间对聚苯胺纳米纤维生成的影响。此外,对聚苯胺纳米纤维和常规聚苯胺的循环伏安性质进行了比较研究。第三章主要介绍了聚吡咯的电化学电容行为,共分为三部分:1.以“CTAB”为软模板合成了直径约为30~50nm的聚吡咯(Ppy)纳米线。我们用循环伏安、交流阻抗和恒流充放电测试研究了聚吡咯纳米线的电化学电容行为,并与常规方法制更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, supercapacitors as the electrical energy storage systems have attracted growing attention due to the higher specific power than batteries and higher specific energy than conventional capacitors. Considerable efforts have been devoted to developing and improving the performance of new available electrode materials.This thesis consists of three parts. The first chapter concentrated on the survey the fundamental principles, characterizations and applications of supercapacitors, especially the recent progress of the supercapacitors using carbon, transition-metal oxide and conducting polymer as electrode materials and the hybrid supercapacitors. Based on this information I put forward my purposes to solve some existed questions.Two polyaniline derivates （polybenzidine and polydiphenylamine） and polyaniline nanofibers were studied in the second chapter. This chapter is divided into three parts.1. Polybenzidine （PBZ） was polymerized by using chemical method in organic system and with （NH4）₂S₂O₈ as oxidant, HClO4 as dopant. The electrochemical behaviors of PBZ electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge test and electrochemical impedance techniques. The specific capacitance of PBZ electrode is up to 150 F/g. After 500 cycles, the capacitance has only 16.7% loss.2. Poly（diphenylamiline） （PDPA）doped with H₃PW₁₂O₄₀ was synthesized in solid-state method. The electrochemical capacitor performances were researched with cyclic voltammetry, charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance techniques. This material has low resistance in 0.5 mol/L HCl solutions. The specific capacitance of PDPA is 80F/g in 0.5 mol/L HCl.3. PANI nanofibrils were synthesized for the first time by using chemical oxidative polymerization under hydrothermal conditions. The effects of concentration of aniline, doped acid and the reaction time on the morphology of PANI were researched. The electrochemical performance of polyaniline nanofibers and polyaniline in bulk was compared in our experment.更多还原