【作者】 朱协飞；

【导师】 张天真；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 杂交棉的培育和种植大幅度提高了农作物的产量、品质和抗逆性，具有极大的经济效益和社会效益。然而，制种方法的限制阻碍了我国杂交棉的大规模推广应用。本研究利用国内外20多个高产、优质、抗病的陆地棉品种(品系)与哈克尼西棉、104-7等胞质不育系、恢复系杂交、回交培育出20多个新的棉花胞质雄性不育系、10多个新的恢复系。 为了考察转育后的胞质不育系、恢复系的利用价值，从不育系配合力，恢复系育性、经济性状、恢复能力、配合力等几个方面加以分析评价。同时，开始广泛的测配，并从配合力、经济性状、杂种优势3个方面考察其杂种一代可能存在的优势。在选育高优势的同时，进行蜜蜂传粉试验。结果表明： 1．转育后的不育系属不育性稳定的无花粉型。对不育系配合力分析，同一亲本不同性状其一般配合力有很大差异，从特殊配合力方差来看，不同性状间的差异同样很大。部分材料具有较高的应用价值。 2．苏棉12R、泗棉3号R、苏棉9号R3个恢复系的育性与对照相比已很接近，经济性状与轮回亲本相似。 3．苏棉12R一般配合力分别在果枝、单铃重等5个性状表现正值；泗棉3号R，苏棉9号R也有5-7个性状表现正值。6个不育系在13个性状中，大约有一半表现为正值。这表明，9个亲本在这些性状上有可能筛选到强优势组合。 4．每个杂交组合中都有出现中亲优势及超亲优势的性状。13个性状的中亲优势从高到低依次为：1铃数、2果节数、3马克隆值、4生育期、5株高、6衣分、7跨距长度、8籽指、9比强度、10单铃重、11果枝、12皮棉产量、13籽棉产量。高亲优势从高到低依次为1铃数、2果节数、3马克隆值、4跨距长度、5生育期、6衣分、7株高、8果枝数、9比强度、10单铃重、11籽指、12皮棉产量、13籽棉产量。 5．对性状的杂种优势分析表明，生育期有推迟的趋势。大多数组合的株高介于双亲之间。果枝的高亲、中亲优势的平均值均为负值。果节、铃数的杂种优势在所有性状中是最强的。铃重对产量的增加起到了负面影响。组合与亲本之间在衣分上变化不大。籽指存在负优势。有50％左右的组合有中亲优势。 6．18个组合中皮棉产量有8个有中亲优势，有4个有超亲优势。苏棉12R、R20A有较高的利用价值。 7．在合适的父、母本配比下，利用蜜蜂自由传粉是可能的，在父：母=1：更多还原

【Abstract】 The development and growing of hybrid cotton on a huge area raised the yields, quality and stress resistance on a significant amplitude with extremely prominent economic and social effects. However, the confinement of the methods for producing hybrid seeds inhibited the hybrid cotton of our country from being propagated and utilized on a large scale. In this research more than 20 high yielding, excellent quality and disease resistant Upland cotton varieties (strains) were utilized to cross and back cross with Gharknessii, 104-7A cytoplasmic male sterile and restorer lines, more than twenty novel cytoplasmic male sterile lines as well as ten or so new restorer lines were developed.For inspecting the utilization value of the cytoplasmic male sterile line and restorer lines after being transferred, analytical evaluations were conducted on the respect of combining ability of the male sterile lines. The economic traits、 restoring ability and combining ability of the restorer lines were analyzed and assessed . Meanwhile tentative combination tests were initiated on a wide sphere and the possible heterosis on F1 were widely inspected on three respects, combining ability, character performance and heterosis. In synchronization with selecting high heterosis, test of pollen transferring with bees, were conducted. The results indicated that:1. The male sterile lines transferred belong to pollenless type with stable male sterility. It was indicated by the analysis of male sterile line combining ability, the same parent may differ tremendously on the general combing ability among different characters; From the point of view of specific combining ability variance, the differences among different characters were also similarly very large. Partial materials may be with relatively high application value.2. The fertilities of three restorer lines Summian 12R, Simian3R and Sumian9R were very approximate to that of the check variety, while the economic characters were similar to those of the recurrent parent.更多还原