【作者】 陈卫平；

【导师】 杨志民； 俞明亮；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 园艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文针对江苏省丰县果树生产中存在的几个主要问题，展开研究。通过研究土壤状况、土壤营养、重金属污染、施肥及密植果园的整形修剪对果树生产的影响，提出改良措施，为江苏省果树生产提供技术支持。 1 果园土壤理化性质的调查 调查发现丰县果园的土壤情况：一是土壤有机质低；二是土壤pH值都在8.0以上，土壤盐碱性较重；三是生产中虽然我县果树地上部分普遍表现出缺钙现象严重，特别是套袋果个别果园苦痘病果率竟高达60％以上，但从测定结果来看，丰县果园土壤的钙含量相当丰富；四是钾肥含量有明显不足。 2 果园生草和覆盖试验 为改良密植园土壤结构的理化性状、提高有机质含量进行了2年的果园生草和覆盖试验表明果园生草和覆盖均可起到明显的提高土壤有机质、降低pH值的作用，对果树生产起到较显著的作用。 3 果园施钾肥试验 根据苹果密植园的土壤情况调查分析结果，进行配方施肥，共设计了5个处理。结果表明，增施一定量的钾肥有明显的增产作用，硫酸钾对果品的增产效果明显优于氯化钾。同时钾还有明显改善水果内在品质的作用。 4 苹果密植果园修剪改造技术研究 为了挖掘密植节果园的生产潜力，提高密植苹果园持续生产的能力，近几年来，进行了“苹果密植园修剪改造技术试验研究”。经过多年的努力，完成了以分清永久临时树株、实行放控修剪技术改造密植园；株间间伐改造郁闭果园，隔株高接换头改良新而不优果园等多项试验，较好地提高果园的经济效益和持续生产的能力。初步形成了苹果密植园修剪改造的系统管理技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 To resolve several mostly problems of the fruit production at Feng Xian of Jiang Su province, we studying on the soil status, soil nutrition, the harm of the fruit production by heavy metal pollution, the effect on fruit production by fertilizing the orchards and the effect by pruning in the dense orchard .This study will support technologies to fruit production of Jiang Su province . 1. Study on the physic-chemical properties of the soil of the orchardThe researches shows that the Feng Xian orchard are existing some soil problems, for example: Firstly, the contents of the soil organic matter are low. Secondly ,the pH of the soil are above 8.0 and the saline and alkali properties of the soil are low. Thirdly, in production, although Calcium is seriously lack in the overground part of the fruit trees of our county, especially the rate of the Bitter Pit disease of bagged fruits in the very few orchard up to above 60%, but from the measurement results to see, the content of Calcium in soil at Feng Xian is comparatively abundance. The last, the contents of potassium fertilizer is obviously shortly. 2.Test work on planting grass and covering grass in orchardFor modify the physical and chemical properties of the dense orchard soil structures and improve the contents of the soil organic matter, put up two years test work on planting grass and covering grass in orchard. The results shows that planting grass and covering grass in orchard obviously react on improve the contents of the soil organic matter and reduce the PH of the soil. play a remarkable role in the yield of fruit tee. 3. Trial on potassium fertilizer applied in orchardBased on the analysis results of the investigations of the dense orchard soil conditions, put up formulated fertilizer applying, designed five treatments . The results shows that increased definitely Potassium Fertilizer will bring comparatively increase production effect and the yield-increasing effect of sulphate-potassium comparatively preceded to potassium chloride. And potassium have a comparatively effect to improve the inherent quality of fruits.更多还原