【作者】 易隆辉；

【导师】 陈根余；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 超硬磨料(金刚石和立方氮化硼)砂轮具有异常优良的磨削性能,在精密、超精密磨削,难加工材料磨削,高效磨削和磨削自动化中有广泛的应用前景,超硬磨料砂轮是未来砂轮的发展趋势。由于超硬磨料砂轮本身特性,采用传统的基于力的修整方法修整超硬磨料砂轮很难达到使用要求,砂轮的修整问题严重制约了超硬磨料砂轮的发展。基于热作用的新的激光修锐和整形方法成为超硬磨料砂轮修整的有效手段,瓶颈问题在于整形精度的提高。在对激光烧蚀砂轮过程机理分析的基础上,从光学、机械、测量、控制的角度进一步提高砂轮的整形精度,将有助于推动超硬磨料砂轮的发展与应用。通过分析基于几何光学理论的激光三角测量原理和影响控制精度的控制电路组成及原理,找出影响整形精度的因素,寻求有效提高精度的途径。光三角测量装置通过一维光电位敏检测器PSD(Position Sensitive Detector)检测出待修整砂轮表面高低的位置信号并转化成对应的电信号,分析计算测量误差的来源并提出减少误差的措施。分析产生位置—电压非线性误差的原因,采用模拟电路实现非线性校正,得到成线性变化的位置-电压信号对应关系。控制电路通过将检测到的电压信号与参考电压比较得到高低电平,转化成TTL脉冲信号控制激光器加工巨脉冲的发射。对应砂轮高点发射加工激光巨脉冲,低点则不发,通过若干周期的激光烧蚀加工,可达到较理想的整形精度。采用声光调Q Nd:YAG激光器对青铜结合剂金刚石超硬磨料砂轮进行修整试验,验证测控装置能有效控制加工激光巨脉冲的发射,并能得到较理想的整形精度。更多还原

【Abstract】 With excellent grinding performance, super-abrasive (diamond and CBN) wheels have a wide application prospect in the field of precision, ultra-precision, high efficiency grinding, difficult processing material grinding and grinding automation. Because of the ultrahigh hardness of super-abrasive wheels, the conventional mechanical truing and dressing methods based on force interaction are nearly impossible to meet the requirement for grinding process, which really affects the grinding performance of super-abrasive wheels. Laser truing and dressing based on thermal interaction has become an available method for grinding processing of super-abrasive, but how to improve the precision of dressing is the choke point. Improving the precision of dressing through the point of view of optics, machine, measuring, and controlling which based on analysis of super-abrasive ablation by laser should be help to the development and application of super-abrasive wheels.Find out factors effect the precision of dressing and look for methods to improve effectually the precision through the analysis of triangular surveying which based on the theory of geometry optics and the constitute and principium of controlling circuit which effect the precision of dressing. By photo-electricity position sensor PSD(Position Sensitive Detector), triangular device survey position signal of surface of the wheel and then transform to corresponding electrical signal. Analyze and calculate the surveying warp then bring forward method to reduce the warp. Analyze the causation of position-voltage non-linearity warp, design simulation circuit to proofread the non-linearity to gain correspond connection of linear position-voltage signal. Controlling circuit get a pulse through comparing the surveyed voltage and the reference voltage and then transform to TTL signal to control the Q-pulse laser emitting of the laser implement. Emit Q-pulse laser at the high position of wheel and not at the low position. The device can gain perfect precision of dressing through periodic ablation process by laser.By truing bronze bonded diamond wheel by acoustic-optic Q-switched Nd:YAG laser validate the controlling device can control the emitting of Q-pulse laser and gain perfect precision of dressing.更多还原