【作者】 石林；

【导师】 曾光明； 黄国和；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,河流污染事故尤其是突发性河流污染事故发生频率高、破坏性大、不确定因素多,给人类和生态环境带来了很大的危害。目前,国内外已广泛引入地理信息系统(GIS)的空间数据管理功能与空间分析功能来进行应急处置,取得很好的效果。但是传统的GIS技术在对事故的应急响应及污染预测的时空模拟上还存在着很大的不足,达不到理想的效果,因此在传统的GIS技术上进行开发和利用,使其在流污染事故的处置过程中的实效性和系统性上发挥更大的作用,对环境事故的应急处置有着重要的作用。本文从GIS的基本功能和特点入手,详细介绍了GIS技术在水环境领域的应用和优势。通过湘江衡阳段和三峡库区两个实例,分别阐述了GIS技术应用于突发性河流污染事故和二维随机水质模拟的操作方法和应用途径,并在某些关键问题的处理上进行了深入的探讨。在利用GIS技术处理湘江衡阳段突发性水污染事故的实例中,重点讨论了对于重金属As污染在河流污染中的应急处置方法,通过将GIS技术与数学模型结合,得到了重金属在河流的污染状况和趋势,根据时间和空间对污染事故造成的影响将事故情况分为四种,并对四种情况的污染状况进行分析、对比,得出解决该事故的最优化方法。在利用基于GIS的动态栅格(Dynamic Grid)技术处理三峡水库二维水质模拟的实例中,详细介绍了动态栅格的定义及应用方法,并将它应用于二维随机水质模拟,对三峡库区河流水质污染进行分析和预测,得到较好的效果。最后以重庆段为例,给出可视化的结论和污染模拟图。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,accidents of river pollution especially those paroxysmal ones occurred with the characteristic of high frequency、huge ruins and uncertain causation,which are known to be potentially harmful to human or ecosystem health at very low trace levels . At the present time,people have explored to deal with the emergency of river pollution by dint of introducing the function of spatial database management and the function of spatial analysis of Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies,which work effective. However,traditional GIS technologies are inadequacy as far as application in meeting an emergency of river pollution is concerned . It is significative for emergency management to explore and utilize GIS technologies on the base of traditional usage,and to make it more effective、practical and systemic.This paper starts with the basis function and characteristic of GIS technologies,then represents its application and advantages in water environment field in details.By taking examples of Hengyang segment of Xiang River and Three Gorges Reservoir Area ,the operation and methods of GIS technologies in the application of paroxysmal accidents of river pollution and simulation of Two-dimensional stochastic water quality are respectively analyzed,and some measures to settle existing problems are offered.In the example of treating with accidental pollution of rivers with GIS technologies in Hengyang segment , the emergency settlement of river pollution caused by Arsenic (As) ,which is a kind of heavy metal are emphasized.Through combined analysis of GIS technologies together with mathematics model ,the pollution statement and diffuse tendency of heavy metal in polluted river are discovered,and the resolvent which is find out through analysing the four pullution statement classified depend on the different effect on accidents are also offered.In the example of dealing with the simulation of Two-dimensional stochastic water quality in Three Gorges Reservoir Area established based on Dynamic Grid technology of GIS,definition and methods of application of Dynamic Grid are elaborated on,and its practices in the simulation of Two-dimensional stochastic water quality are also offered,which is proved available for the analysis and forecast of water quality .And at last take Chongqing segment as an example,simulant photographs of pollution are illustrated .更多还原