【作者】 曾思薇；

【导师】 陈锦红；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 民商法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 证明责任制度是重要的诉讼制度。媒体侵害名誉权的证明责任在适用证明责任一般理论的基础上,其分配必须体现言论自由和名誉权保护平衡的理念。在对媒体侵害名誉权证明责任的域外考察中,存在“英国普通法模式”、“美国宪法模式”和“大陆法系模式”三种情形。由于法律传统不一样,大陆法系与英美法系关于媒体侵害名誉权的证明责任制度区别很大。大陆法系将媒体侵害名誉权行为作为民法中侵权法的一般侵权来对待,在证明责任制度上具有深厚的理论作为指导,英美法系则有专门的诽谤法对其进行调整。英国秉承着传统普通法在诽谤制度上的原则,形成了一个较为完备的证明责任体系;1964年的“《纽约时报》诉萨利文案”则使美国媒体诽谤案件进入了宪法调整的新阶段,美国司法界一直努力在侵权法体系之外构建一个更合理的证明责任制度。相比之下,虽然我国与大陆法系一样也将名誉权侵权制度作为民法中侵权法的一个部分,但由于我国实体法中对媒体侵害名誉权行为的概念和构成要件含糊不清,诉讼法中多年忽视对证明责任理论的研究,对“真实”的认识有偏差和整体法律制度中缺乏言论自由和名誉权保护平衡的理念等原因,我国媒体侵害名誉权证明责任比较混乱。近年来,随着我国对证明责任认识的深化,并受各国先进制度的影响,我国的审判实践中出现了一些比较成功的案例。在总结我国成功经验的基础上,借鉴各国先进的法律制度,完善我国媒体侵害名誉权证明责任制度势在必行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Burden of proof system is an important litigation. The burden proof of media defamation bases on the common theory, whose distribution must incarnate the balance between the protection of speech freedom and the protection of reputation right.Reviewing media defamation out of territory, there exists“English common law mode”、“American Constitution mode”and“Continent law mode”. As different legal tradition, the continent law and Anglo-American law have a big difference about the burden of proof of media defamation. The continent law regards it as common tort, it has profound theories about burden of proof. While the Anglo-American law has a special defamation act. In the UK, it takes the principle of the slander system in the common law and forms maturity burden of proof system; the case of New York Times Co. v. Sullivan in 1964, takes the American media defamation into a new step of adjustment of Constitution law, and the American law field also makes an effort to construct a better reasonable burden of proof system besides the tortious law.Compared with them, although our country takes the defamation as a part of the civil law the same as the continent law, the burden of proof system in media defamation in our country is disordered, as the concept and element of media defamation are ambiguous, a warp to the understanding of“truth”, the research of the burden of proof system has been neglected for long, and the balance between the protection of freedom of speech and the protection of reputation right has lacked in the whole legal systems. Recently, influenced by the advanced legal system, it has some successful experiences in our trial. Based on the successful experiences, it is necessary to perfect our burden of proof in media defamation.更多还原