【作者】 倪丽萍；

【导师】 郭水良；

【作者基本信息】 浙江师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 外来植物入侵，以其带来的巨大经济和生态代价而受世人瞩目，强调并提高对外来植物的预警能力是当前首要任务。植物入侵研究的热点问题是植物的入侵性与生境的可入侵性，但是，目前对于这些入侵影响因子缺乏统一的概括。 本文在浙江金华这一区域尺度范围内：①对金华市郊外来杂草进行本底调查；②运用排序和生态位分析方法，探讨外来杂草与本地主要杂草的生态位特征和生态相似性、外来杂草与群落物种多样性间的关系；③应用典范对应分析筛选了外来杂草入侵性相关的影响因子(环境因子、植物学性状)，为入侵性研究提出了一种新的思路。 主要研究结果如下： 1．金华市郊外来杂草计有76种，隶属于54属24科，优势科现象明显，其中菊科(Compositae)21种17属最多，其次是禾本科(Gramineae)(7种／5属)、豆科(Leguminosae)(7种／5属)、苋科(Amaranthaceae)(7种／2属)、大(?)科(Euphorbiaceae)(4种／2属)、旋花科(Convolvulaceae)(4种／2属)。其中裂叶月见草(Oenothera laciniata Hill.)是浙江中部的新记录外来杂草，毒莴苣(Lactuca serriola L.)是我国东部地区的新外来检疫杂草。与金华北山种子植物区系比较，金华地区外来杂草热带分布属居多，因此，应加强对具有热带亚洲-热带美洲间断分布式样的外来植物的管理。金华市郊外来杂草的原产地主要是美洲(59％)和欧洲(22％)，应注意控制对这些原产地物种的引种栽培。 2．以春末夏初50个样地21种外来杂草和29种土著性杂草的生态重要值为基础，计测其生态位宽度和生态位重叠值；应用主成分分析法(PCA)更多还原

【Abstract】 Invasive plants have been receiving increasing attention for their impact on social system, and ecosystem. Prediction of the invasive potentials of alien species is of importance in invasion ecology. Some "hot topics" of contemporary plant invasion ecology has emerged, such as the invasiveness of plants and the invisibility of habitats. However, there is still a lack of generalization regarding these invasion impacts.Based on the current theory of invasion ecology, the dissertation, was carried out surveys of community plots in Jinhua suburban, Zhejiang province, mainly focusing on the following subjects: ① to get the background data of the alien weeds in Jinhua suburban; ② to reveal the ecological relations (including niche) among the alien weeds and the dominate native weeds, the species diversity in the invaded habitats; ③ to analyze the relationship among the plant traits, the environmental variables and invasiveness (i.e. ecological important values) by using the method of Canonical Correspondence Analysis, in order to find a a new method for the study of plant invasion ecology. The major conclusions are summarized as follows:1. The species of alien weeds in the suburban of Jinhua during spring, earlier summer and autumn were surveyed with the square plot method in different habitats. Based on our investigation, together with the previous researches, 76 exotic weed species, belonging to 54 genera and 24 families, were recorded from the suburban of Jinhua, among them, Compositae (species / genera = 21/17), Gramineae (7/5), Leguminosae (7/5), Amaranthaceae (7/2), Euphorbiaceae (4/2), Convolvulaceae (4/2) are the dominant families. In these alien weeds, Oenothera laciniata is an alien weed new to the centre of Zhejing Province, and Lactuca serriola new to eastern China. 1) Compared with the flora geographic elements of Mount Bei in Jinhua, higher tropical proportion was found in alien weed, and special attention should be paid to species with Tropical Asia & Tropical America disjuncted distribution pattern; 2) Totally about 81% of the alien weeds originate from America (59%) and Europe (22%), so appropriate measures to control the introduction of these origin plants are essential.2. Based on the ecological important value of 21 alien weeds and 29 native companion weeds, their niche breadth and overlap were calculated. The application of the methods The更多还原