【作者】 黄华；

【导师】 郭水良；

【作者基本信息】 浙江师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis L.)原产于北美，20世纪70年代作为花卉植物引入我国，是我国目前危害最严重的外来入侵植物之一。加拿大一枝黄花繁殖力强，传播速度快，其入侵之处，导致生态系统组成和结构的完全改变，破坏生物多样性，严重影响土地的利用，对我国部分省市的农业生产和生态环境构成了严重威胁。目前国内外有关加拿大一枝黄花的研究主要集中在其传播入侵模式、个体生物学特性、化学他感作用、防除方法及利用等方面。本文主要对加拿大一枝黄花在我国入侵过程中生态适应性的若干问题进行研究，分析多种生态因子对种子萌发或植株生长及其入侵能力的影响；基本光合特性、遗传变异等与入侵机制的关系；繁殖投资策略中能量分配的规律；以及人为干扰因素对繁殖体系的影响等。主要研究结果如下： (1)加拿大一枝黄花自然条件下既能结实，同时又能以地下茎出芽的方式克隆繁殖。种子在3～10月期间均可萌发，其中4～5月是种子萌发的高峰期。夏季的6～8月是其营养生长和克隆增殖的旺盛期，9月份开始现蕾，花果期为10月至翌年1月。加拿大一枝黄花结实量高达20000粒/株，种子千粒重为0.045～0.050g，含水量约60～80％，自然条件下种子萌发率约30％。在不同pH值、盐浓度和湿度环境下种子萌发的耐受性较强，植株对Zn、Cu、Pb等重金属耐性较高。植株残体的无性繁殖能力为地下部分＞基部茎＞茎秆，20cm基部茎＞30cm基部茎＞45cm基部茎；从小到大的机械破坏程度使地下部分残体出芽数依次减少，但累计出芽数反而增加，说明在机械除草等人为干扰条件下加拿大一枝黄花采用应激繁殖对策，产生更多的克隆分株。植株地上部分生长速率以及多数地下部分形态指标在9月份达到最大值，与其他菊科外来杂草相比，加拿大一枝黄花地下部分的长度、表面积、体积等指标最大，说明其在地下部分形态上具有广泛逸生的结构基础。 (2)使用LCA4光合蒸腾测定系统测定了外来入侵杂草加拿大一枝黄花及其16种伴生杂草的光合作用指标，发现加拿大一枝黄花在光合有效辐更多还原

【Abstract】 Solidago canadensis L., a perennial composite plant originating from North America, was introduced into China as a horticultural plant in 1935. S. canadensis is the most devastating invasive plant in China. With high reproductive capacity and fast spread speed, this exotic plant has changed the constitution of ecosystem, destroyed the biodiversity and soil utility in the places it invaded and caused serious damage to agricultural production and ecosystems in several provinces of China. The former research about S. canadensis mainly focused on spread model, biological characteristics, allelopathic effects, control and use, et al. This paper focuses on some aspects related to the issues about the ecological adaptability of the weed, such as the relationship between ecologically influencing factors and invasiveness, comparison of photosynthetic characteristics between S. canadensis and its companion weed species, the genetic diversity and invasive mechanism with molecular knowledge, the energy distribution in different reproduction investment strategy and how to control the weed in its inflorescence differentiation period.The main results were concluded as follows:1. Under natural conditions, S. canadensis allocates large amounts of energy to sexual reproduction and produces many seeds. In addition, naturalized populations have a great capacity to grow clonally with rhizome. Under natural conditions, the germination period of S. canadensis lasts from March to October, with a germination peak in April and May. Vegetative growth and asexual reproduction are especially vigorous during the summer season. Most S. canadensis blossom between September and January, and fruit in late October. The mean weight of 1000-seeds ranges from 0.045g to 0.050g, and mean seed moisture content ranges from 60% to 80%. S. canadensis seeds have a wide tolerance for different values of pH, salinity and soil moisture. The mean percent germination of seeds is 30% under suitable conditions. The results of seed germination under various environmental stresses and the investigation of soil更多还原