【作者】 王果平；

【导师】 阎平；

【作者基本信息】 石河子大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 中国帕米尔高原位于我国西南部及塔吉克斯坦东南阿富汗东北部一带,北纬36.7°～39.8°N,东经73.5°～76.5°E,南北长约230公里,东西长约130公里,面积约30000平方公里。作为世界性的大科之一禾本科在本区种类丰富,分布广泛。本文对该区的禾本科植物进行了系统的分类学研究,在此基础上分析其物种多样性,包括特有性分析,植物区系地理成分特点等,并对其资源进行归类与评价。研究表明:中国帕米尔高原禾本科植物有35属134种17亚(变)种,分别占新疆禾本科植物属的49.3%,种的41.6%。中国帕米尔高原新记录属有8属,新记录种有45种8亚(变)种。新疆新记录有2种,分别是微药羊茅Festuca nitidula和侏碱茅Puccinellia minuta。中国帕米尔高原禾本科寡种属16属,单种属12属,分别占该区禾本科总属的45.7%和34.3%,而多种属相对较少有7属,占该区禾本科植物总属的20.0%。中国帕米尔高原禾本科特有现象不明显,无新疆特有属和中国特有属,中国帕米尔高原特有种仅1种羊茅状早熟禾Poa festucoides,新疆特有种较少,有11种,中国帕米尔高原特有分布种仅7种,中国新疆特有分布种稍多有25种。中国帕米尔高原禾本科植物区系地理成分多样,温带性质明显,以北温带为主,有丰富的旧世界温带成分,热带成分也占有一定比例,在属级水平上有东亚、中亚和地中海区系成分渗入。中国帕米尔高原禾本科与喀喇昆仑—昆仑山禾本科属相似系数最高。生活型为多年生植物和一年生植物,生态型为中生植物和旱生植物两种类型。中国帕米尔高原禾本科植物在牧草、草坪、药用、观赏等方面具有重要的利用价值,同时本区大多数禾本科植物具有抗旱、耐寒或抗辐射等特性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pairs of China locate southwest of China, which latitude is 36.7°～39.8°and longitude is 73.5°～76.5°E. The length is 230 km and the width is 130 km so the area is about 30000 km2 .Gramineae plant are much rich and its distribution is highly wide. In this paper, systems taxonomy of Grainier plant in Pairs of China was studied, on its basis species diversity which including the trait of genera and species and flora constitution character and so on was analyzed. At the end the resource was appraised and classified. The research indicated that:There were 35 genera and 134 species and 17 subspecies or variety, which accounted for 49.3% and 41.6% of genera and species of XinJiang in Pamirs of China, including, 8 genera Chinese Pamirs new recorded and 45 species and 8 subspecies or variety Chinese Pamirs new record. There are 2 species XinJiang new recorded. They were Festuca nitidula Stapf and Puccinellia minuta Bor.There were 16 oligotypic genera and 12 monotypic genera which occupied 45.7% and 34.3% of total genera here and the number of multigenera is only 7 take as 20.0% of total genera in Pamirs of China. Here the endemic phenomenon was not obvious and haven’t XinJing endemic genera and China endemic genera, There were only 1 Chinese Pamirs endemic species that was Poa festucoides and 11 XinJiang endemic species. In Pamirs of China there were 7 Chinese Pamirs and 25 Chinese XinJiang unique distribution respectively.The composition of flora was extraordinary complex in Pamirs of China and the temperate quality was obvious and mostly of North temperate and abundant in old world temperate and a certain proportion of the tropic. And on the level of genera, there were East Asia, Central Asia and Mediterranean flora elements intrusion. Compared with neighborhood, the similarity coefficient of Karakorum and Kunlun mountains with Pamirs of China was the tallest. Gramineae life form was made up of perennial plant and annual plant and the ecotype was consisted of mesophyte and xerophyte.In Pamirs of China many kinds of Gramineae plant had important value in grass, lawn, medical purposes and ornamental and so on, while most of Gramineae qualified the character such as enduring drought and bearing cold and resisting radiation.更多还原