【作者】 安乐；

【导师】 梁洁；

【作者基本信息】 新疆师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 汉语是一种声调语言。在汉语中,声调和语调均依赖于音高的变化。维吾尔语属于阿尔泰语系突厥语族,是生活在新疆维吾尔自治区的维吾尔族人的母语。对于维吾尔族学生来说汉语声调很难掌握,因为维语中没有声调。本文是对30位维吾尔族大学生和30位汉族大学生进行的汉语声调和语调(陈述和疑问)感知实验的对比研究。其中30位维吾尔族学生的汉语水平不等,我们又按照他们的汉语水平考试(HSK)成绩将其分为四小组:通过四级的(6人),通过五级的(8人),通过六级的(10人),通过七级的(6人)。计算机控制实验过程并采集每一位听辨人所作的选择和反应时间,实验数据通过SPSS软件进行分析。实验结果显示,维吾尔族学生对汉语声调的感知比汉族学生差,其中二声的正确率最低。然而维吾尔族学生对汉语语调的感知(陈述和疑问)却比汉族学生灵敏。这一实验结果再次证明声调和语调具有相互独立的表征。在此基础上,本实验研究又发现维吾尔族学生对汉语声调感知的正确率取决于其汉语水平的高低,其中汉语水平低的学生容易将一声和二声混淆。但是维吾尔族学生对汉语语调的感知不受汉语水平高低的影响,其中汉语水平高的学生对句末音高的感知反而更强。此外个体差异分析显示汉语水平四到六级的维族学生之间存在显著差异,而汉语水平达到七级的维族学生之间差异较小,对句末音高的感知非常敏锐。对维吾尔族学生感知汉语声调和语调的研究,有助于我们从感知的角度探究以无声调语言为第一语言的民族是如何习得声调的,以及汉语水平高低对其声调和语调感知的影响,从而为无声调语言民族学习汉语声调提供帮助,并且为对比语言类型和第二语言习得提供科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese is a tone language. In Chinese, lexical tones and intonation both depend on the variation of pitch. Uygur language, a member of the Turkic branch of the Altaic language family, is the L1 for Uygur people who live in Xinjiang Autonomous Region. Chinese lexical tones are very difficult to Uygur students, since Uygur is a non-tone language.This thesis presents an experimental study on the perception of lexical tones and sentence intonation (question vs. statement) by 30 Uygur university students and 30 Han Chinese ones in Xinjiang Normal University. The Uygur students are on the different levels of Chinese proficiency, and they are divided into four subgroups according to their grades of HSK: Uygurs of HSK4 (6 listeners), Uygurs of HSK5 (8 listeners), Uygurs of HSK6 (10 listeners) and Uygurs of HSK7 (6 listeners). The experiments are computer controlled. The responses and the reaction time (RT) of each subject are collected and analyzed by SPSS.The results show that Uygur students are poor in identifying Chinese tones, especially Tone 2. However, they are more sensitive to the intonation (question vs. statement) than Han Chinese students. The result provides another evidence for separate representations of lexical tones and sentence intonation. Furthermore, this study proves that Uygur students’Chinese proficiency determines their perception of Chinese tones, and those with low Chinese proficiency often mix up Tone 1 and Tone 2. However, Uygur students remain sensitive to the perception of intonation patterns with the improvement of their Chinese proficiency, and Uygurs with high Chinese proficiency have better perception on the boundary tones than the other three groups. Besides, the individual analysis shows that there is a significant difference among the subjects of HSK4~6, but the Uygurs of HSK7 consistently show great sensitivity to the boundary tones.The investigation on Uygur students’perception of Chinese lexical tones and sentence intonation can shed light on how non-tone speakers acquire a tone language on the aspect of perception and the effects of their Chinese proficiency on the perception of Chinese tones and intonation. This experimental study supplies some help for those Chinese learners whose L1 are non-tone languages. It also provides scientific evidence for language typology and the second language acquisition.更多还原