【作者】 杨余辉；

【导师】 魏文寿；

【作者基本信息】 新疆师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文根据三工河流域基本气象台站1961-2000年的月平均气温、降水、蒸发、空气湿度和三工河径流1980-1999年的观测记录以及阜北地区一周的微气象气温、太阳辐射、空气湿度的观测数据,分析了三工河流域山地、平原区气候变化的趋势、周期、突变和绿洲-荒漠小气候特征变化差异分析以及三工河径流对气候变化的响应分析。结果表明三工河流域平原绿洲区升温趋势显著,通过对40a温度序列Mann-Kendall方法突变检验,通过了的置信检验,表明气温在1995年发生了由低向高的突变,山区气温也呈现增温趋势但未发生突变,气候变暖的季节均为主要在冬季。平原区降水在1983年发生了由少增多的突变,山区降水也呈增加趋势但未发生突变,且降水增加的主要季节也不同,平原区降水增加的季节主要在夏季而山区在春季。流域平原区多年气温平均序列最大熵谱分析表明存在5a的周期,降水量的最大熵谱分析表明存在2a、3.3a、30a的显著周期;山区多年气温平均序列最大熵谱分析表明存在2.7a的显著周期,多年降水平均序列分析表明存在2a、2.9a的显著周期。流域干湿变化分析表明山区和平原区蒸发量呈减少趋势,干旱指数呈减小趋势,但平原区干旱指数在1983年发生了从高到低的突变,表明平原区暖湿变化趋势更为显著。三工河流域阜北地区沙漠-绿洲小气候变化特征分析表明棉田绿洲区空气湿度、太阳辐射大于沙漠地区,温度低于沙漠地区,具有“冷岛效应”。三工河流域地下水位动态变化分析表明气候变化和人为活动是造成流域不同地带水位变化的原因,地下水的过度开采造成水源区地下水位的下降,降水量的增大和大水漫灌造成下游地下水位上升。地下水化学类型具有分带规律:在山前倾斜平原的砾石带,水化学类型为HCO3-Na+K-Mg型水;扇缘溢出带,水化学类型为HCO3-Na+K-Ca型水;冲洪积平原的上部,水化学类型为SO4-Na+K-Mg型水;冲洪积平原下部,水化学类型为HCO3-Cl-SO4-Na+K和SO4-HCO3-Cl-Na+K型水。三工河是以冰雪融水和地下水补给为主的河流,故其径流较稳定,径α=0.05更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the character of climate change in Sangong river basin is based on the observed data of monthly air temperature, monthly precipitation, monthly evaporation, monthly relative humidity collected at 2 basis meteorological stations (Fukang station and Tianchi station) over the period from 1961 to 2000, the observed runoff data over the period from 1980 to 2000 and the observed microclimate data of cotton-field, transition region and desert in Fukang over the period from 7/25 to 8/1 in 2003. We analyzed the trend, periodic, abrupt point of climate changes of Sangong river basin and microclimate change of oasis-desert region, response of runoff to climate change. The result shows that, the long-term warming rate of mean temperature changes 0.27℃per ten years in plain of Sangong river area that is consistent with the whole Xinjiang but is less than the Nothern Xinjiang ; The warming rate is of mean temperature changes 0.14℃in mountain of Sangong river area that is slower than plain area but warming rate of mean temperature changes obviously in winter and have apparently warming winter trend. The precipitation in plain of Sangong river area for the recent 15 years is larger 35% than the last 15 years ; The precipitation in mountain of Sangong river area obviously went up in 1980’s but in 1990’s the precipitation went down to the level of 1970’s. The warming rate of temperature is greater from 1996 but don’t get to the level of jump change by the jump test to change of Mann-kendall means in Sangong river area. The precipitation in plain area from low to high get to the level of jump change in 1983 and the warming rate of temperature from low to high get to the level of jump change in 1995 by the jump test to change of Mann-kendall means. Maximum Entropy Spectrum Analysis of annual average temperature discovers 5 years period and precipitation discovers 2, 3.3, 30 years period in plain area. Maximum更多还原