《入唐求法巡礼行记》助动词研究

【作者】 刘东；

【导师】 王功龙；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 汉语言文字学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 汉语中的助动词是个“有问题的类”，现代汉语的助动词研究比较充分，上古、中古汉语的助动词研究也取得了一定的成果，对于近代汉语助动词的研究，却显得薄弱。王力先生多次强调，汉语史的研究，应该多做些断代的专书的研究。基于此，本文选取了“年代明确、字数适中、口语性强”的《入唐求法巡礼行记》作为语料，以期搞清《行记》中助动词使用情况的全貌，希望对近代汉语助动词的整体研究起到一点参考作用。行文中运用了描写和解释、静态和动态、形式和意义相结合的方法，力求研究的精密化、细致化。文章首先以意义为标准将《行记》中的助动词分成了可能、意愿、应当三大类，并界定了各类助动词的范围。在此基础上，结合具体的语境，运用义素分析的方法考察了个体助动词的语义类别，并以语义类别为纲，同时考察了个体助动词的语法分布情况。在此之后，将历时和共时结合起来，进行了比较研究，结论是：《行记》中的助动词总体数量相对稳定、使用频率相差较大、语义在稳定中有所发展、语法分布相对简单、宾语类型多样、作为修饰语的副词种类齐全、连用形式减少等。文章在结语部分指出了《行记》语料的特殊性以及我们的研究可能具有的主观性倾向。更多还原

【Abstract】 Auxiliary verbs of Chinese have many questions. We have done many works about the auxiliary verbs of modern Chinese and have the certain results about the auxiliary verbs of mid-Chinese. But the research about the auxiliary of the contemporary Chinese appears weakly. Mr. Wang Li stressed many times that we should research more special books which belong to different periods. Based on this ,we selected The Travel Notes for Rules in Tang Dynasty which has the clearance of age, the characters of moderate words and the oral words to clarify the usage of auxiliary verbs. We hope this will give some references to the research about the auxiliary verbs’ of the mid-Chinese. In this paper, we combine the static method with the dynamic method, description with explanation and form with meaning to keep the research delicate and careful. Firstly, we divide the auxiliary verbs into three kinds and limit each auxiliary verbs’ scope. We survey each auxiliary verbs’ semantic category with the plereme analysis according to the specific context. Then we take the semantic category as the outline to survey each auxiliary verbs’ distribution. At last we do the comparison diachronically and synchronically. We have the conclusions as follows: the quantity of the auxiliary verbs in the book is stable relatively; the frequency of each auxiliary verbs’ usage is different; the word’s semantic is stable but also has some changes; the distribution is simple; the kinds of auxiliary verbs’ objective are diversity; the kind of adverbs which modify the auxiliary verbs is complete; the form of auxiliary verbs-linking reduces. In the conclusion we point out the corpus’ particularity and the subjective trace which may be in our research.更多还原