【作者】 毕相东；

【导师】 侯林；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 海洋生物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 卤虫(Artemia)属于甲壳纲(Crustasea)，鳃足亚纲(Branchiopoda)，无甲目(Anostacea)，卤虫科(Artemidae)，卤虫属(Artemia)，通常分布于内陆盐湖和海岸盐田中。卤虫分为两性生殖和孤雌生殖两大类，目前世界上比较有说服力的分类方法是把世界上的两性生殖卤虫分为6个种分别为：A．franciscana，A．persimilis，A．monica，A．urmiana，，A．tunisiana，A．sinica。把世界各地的孤雌生殖卤虫定名为孤雌卤虫复合种：A．parthenogenetica。随着分子遗传标记在分子系统学中应用的发展，核糖体RNA基因和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶基因以其特殊的组成结构和演化方式被广泛应用于海洋动物分子系统学研究中，但主要利用的是核糖体RNA基因的一级结构。本研究采用克隆测序方法首次对9个地区的两性生殖卤虫ITS-1基因和COI基因序列进行了测定，用Clustal W软件对比并用MEGA3.0软件分析其碱基组成即变异情况，分别以Tanymastigites perrieri和Eiocheir japoncia作为外群构建分子系统树。两支进化树的结果均显示9个地理品系的卤虫可分为四个种群：第一种群(Group 1)-东亚两性种群(East Asia bisexual group)(SQZ，NL and YC)；第二种群(Group 2)-中亚两性种群(Middle Asia bisexual group)(KZ，UM and QXC)；第三种群(Group 3)-北美种群(North America bisexual group)(GSL and SF)和第四种群(Group 4)-南美种群(South America bisexual groups)。并且来自西藏、哈萨克斯坦和伊朗的两性生殖卤虫在进化树上聚集在一个分支上，而且它们具有非常小的遗传距离(0.00-0.01in ITS-1 and 0.02-0.07 in COI)。同时来自伊朗的两性生殖卤虫与来自中国西藏和哈萨克斯坦的两性生殖卤虫具有非常小的序列歧异度。它们之间的序列歧异度水平甚至小于A．sinica(0.6％-3.0％)的三个地理品系之间的序列歧异度。表明来自伊朗的两性生殖卤虫与来自中国西藏和哈萨克斯坦的两性生殖卤虫的序列歧异度是在种之内的水平。所以我们推断来自中国西藏和哈萨克斯坦的两性生殖卤虫同属于伊朗的两性生殖卤虫品种(A．urmiana)。我们还发现A．sinica和A．urmiana具有非常近的遗传进化关系，所以我们认为A．urmiana在A．sinica的起源进化上起着非常重要的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The brine shrimp Artemia is normally restricted to saline inland lakes and coastal salterns. It belongs to Crustasea, Branchiopoda, Anostacea, Artemidae and Artemia. At least six bisexual species and mangy parthenogenetic species are currently recognized in Artemia.The six bisexual species are: A. franciscana, A. persimilis, A. monica, A. urmiana, , A. tunisiana, A. sinica. The parthenogenetic species are defined as one spesie: A. parthenogenetica.With the development of molecular genetic marker application in molecular systematics, rRNA genes and COI gene have been widely used in the molecular systematics of marine animals, which based on the rRNA genes and COI gene special structure and mode of evolvement.This paper detailedly introduces the compasions and characters of rRNA genes,and its application in the Phylogeny , taxonomy, genetic diversity and so on. rRNA genes and COI have been widely used in molecular systematics of the marine animals, and manily focused on the study of primary structure of rRNA genes and COI gene. To help resolve phylogenetic relationships among bisexual Artemia populations, phylogenetic analysis was conducted using DNA sequences from the nuclear DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) and portions of the mitochondrial genome corresponding to the cytochrome oxidase I (COI). DNA sequences were generated for nine bisexual Artemia populations living in different regions of the world. Phylogenetic trees based on ITS-1 and COI sequences indicated that bisexual Artemia populations consist of four groups. The bisexual Artemia populations from Tibet and Kazakstan always clustered with A. urmiana in the same group, there is small sequence divergence and genetic distance among them. So we deduced that bisexual Artemia populations from Tibet and Kazakstan maybe belong to the A. urmiana group. Our study did not support that bisexual Artemia populations from Tibet is a new, separate species A. tibetiana. We also found that Artemia sinica and Artemia urmiana have a small genetic distance, so A. urmiana maybe play an important roll in the evolution of A. sinica.更多还原