【作者】 胡荣荣；

【导师】 丁锦红；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 图形是一种信息量很大的视觉材料，人对图形的信息加工是一个主动的认知过程。虽然与其它信息加工过程一样，都要提取刺激的不同特征，对其进行编码、表征，然后进入记忆系统。然而，图形信息具有一定的独特性，其加工的内在过程及生理机制可能也与其它信息不同。大量关于图形和文字的回忆和再认研究表明，图形的记忆成绩好于文字，即图形优先效应。对于图形优先效应产生的原因是什么以及语音在图形信息加工过程中是否发挥作用这两个问题目前还存在争议。本研究采用2×2×4的组内设计对以上两个问题进行了探讨。三个因素分别为：语音抑制(抑制发音、无抑制发音)；特征(颜色、形状)；刺激类型(图图、图文、文图、文文)。从行为指标和眼动指标对这些因素的作用进行了分析。结果表明：(1) 图形加工具有优先性，这种优先性产生的原因在于图形所具有的高辨别性特征。从图形的表象生成语义比从文字的语音生成语义要快。研究结果支持了共同表征学说对图形优先性产生原因的解释。(2) 语音在图形编码过程中是发挥作用的。在由图形到文字的转换过程中，语音所起的作用更大。(3) 对形状特征的再认比对颜色特征的再认更占优势。此外，本研究为Baddeley的工作记忆多成分模型提供了实验证据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The picture superiority effect is that the learned pictures are more likely to berecalled on the subsequent free recall test or recognition memory test than the words. Several distinct theoretical accounts of the picture superiority effect have been proposed. People have not reached an agreement on the issue that whether the processing of the picture encoding is subject to influence from articulation. Twenty-two subjects were tested in a 2×2×4 completely within-subject design. The independent variables were the articulation (suppression, non-suppression), the static characteristics (shape, color) and the form of stimuli (picture-picture, picture-word, word-picture, word-word). The goal of the present study is to investigate the mechanisms underlying the picture superiority effect and to understand whether the processing of the picture encoding is subject to influence from articulation by assessing the behavioral responses and eye movements during recognition. The finding is consistent with the distinctiveness account, which attributes the picture superiority effect to distinctive features of the picture itself. And the results support the view that articulation plays an important role in the processing of the picture. Another interesting finding is that recognition performance for shape is better than color. Moreover, the result of the present study provide an experimental evidence for the multi-component model of working memory which proposed by Alan Baddeley.更多还原