促进西北地区材料工业实施清洁生产的环境经济手段研究

【作者】 刘彩利；

【导师】 王京芳；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 由于环境污染和生态破坏日益严重，我国政府早就确定了“在发展中解决保护，在保护环境的基础上实现持续发展”的原则，并颁布了《清洁生产促进法》、《环境影响评价法》等法律、法规。与传统的末端治理相比，清洁生产有利于从根本上解决经济发展与环境保护“两张皮”的问题，被认为是实现经济和社会可持续发展的最佳模式和唯一途径。但是，目前清洁生产在我国没有形成规模，取得的成效有限，整体上发展水平较低。作为国家自然基金项目(70371049)的研究内容之一，本文着重分析了我国企业实施清洁生产积极性不高的原因，探索出环境经济手段对企业实施清洁生产的驱动机制，并立足于西北地区材料工业范畴，分析讨论了环境经济手段的区域性及其选择。 本文首先采用比较法归结了国内外环境经济手段和清洁生产的不同实践经验，分析了我国清洁生产实施不力的原因；然后采用问卷调查和实地调研、访谈相结合的方式，明确了企业实施清洁生产存在的问题及障碍：最后从理论角度分析提出环境经济手段能有效促进企业主动实施清洁生产，并结合西北地区环境特点，通过比较选择出最适合西北地区的环境经济手段。 本文的主要研究成果：(1)我国环境经济手段发展滞后，不能和清洁生产结合并相互促进是我国企业目前实施清洁生产积极性不高的主要原因。(2)环境经济手段有利于刺激企业进行技术改造，从费用(成本)最低角度出发，主动实施清洁生产，一举解决清洁生产在观念、政策管理及经济方面的三大障碍。(3)排污权交易制度是目前比较适合西北地区实际情况的一种环境经济手段。(4)针对秦岭陕西省境内固体废弃物问题进行了排污权交易制度设计。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the more and more serious environmental pollution and ecology damage, our government had decided the principle of solving protection during development and achieving continuously development based on environment protection. Some laws and regulations were issued, like Cleaner Production Promotion Law, Environmental Influence Evaluation Law, and so on. Contrast to the traditional end-of-pipe, cleaner production (CP) could resolve the conflict between economic development and environment protection fundamentally. It was thought as an optimal mode and way to implementing economy and social sustainable development. However, CP hadn’t produced big dimensions in china, and its effect was limited. The development level of CP was low in wholly. As a research branch of the project No.70371049 financed by the National Science Foundation of China, the reason of low enthusiasm to implement CP in enterprises was analyzed in the thesis, and the driving mechanism of environmental economic instruments to CP was explored, and then, the region question and choice of environmental economic instruments were discussed in the scope of northwestern materials industry.In the thesis, the different experiences of environmental economic instruments and CP in overseas and in domestic were described firstly by comparative method. The cause of ill state of CP in Chinese enterprises was analyzed. Then, by virtue of questionnaire investigation, on the spot research and accessing, the obstacles to popularize CP in enterprises were founded. Finally, it was put forth theoretically that the environmental economic instruments would effectively impel the enterprises to implement CP. According with the environment character of northwestern area, the optimal environmental economic instruments were chose.There are some main research conclusions. (1) The lag development of environmental economic instruments in Chinese and without combine it with CP were the primary reason of low enthusiasm to implement CP in enterprises. (2) The更多还原