基于LCA的材料产品环境成本评价模型

【作者】 孙万佛；

【导师】 庄宇；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着全球环境变化的加剧和人们越来越希望有一种方法能对其所从事的活动全过程的资源消耗和造成的环境影响有一个彻底、全面、综合地了解。目前，生命周期评价(Life cycle assessment，LCA)就是国际上普遍认同的为达到上述目的的方法。生命周期评价(LCA)是ISO14000环境管理系列标准提出的一种环境管理思想和工具，它对于提高环境管理水平，最终实现可持续发展有重大意义。 为解决目前环境成本中普遍存在的数据不完全问题和环境负荷数据向环境成本转换问题，在生命周期评估中清单分析的基础上，综合分析了材料的环境特征和生物效应，构建了产品生命周期环境成本评价模型。首先，在概述课题的研究背景、现状和发展趋势的基础上，论文分析了LCA的技术框架，并以全面客观的思想方法为指导，对LCA系统的清单分析进行了全面的分析和阐述。接着，以生命周期环境成本评价模型为重点对环境成本进行研究，进一步探讨了产品生命周期环境成本评价模型在实践中的应用。对此应首先通过各个生产环节，结合我国技术经济发展水平，对其建立LCA专用数据库和研究其LCA定量评价数学物理方法，使不同材料之间的环境负荷值能同材料的其它指标一样具有通用性和可比性。并以西北地区一个材料工厂生产的某种化合物的原始数据为例，把这些原始数据代入产品生命周期环境成本评价模型进行定量评价，把通过实地调查的直接计算结果与模型输出结果相比较，证实了模型的可靠性和合理性。 生命周期环境成本模型结果为政府部门制定合理的公共环境政策和产业发展政策提供可靠的依据，并为评估机构和设计咨询机构对企业的各种污染治理技术进行评价提供有效的依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 With hard change of globle environment and human strong desire for a way can knowing resouse expend and environment impact of all process complete totally, Life cycle assessment is a good way that can solve above problems universally. It is also a tool and ideology of ISO14000, and has important meaning for realizing continuable development and enhancing management level of environment ultimately.In order to solve ordinary problems of incomplete data and transferring environmental loads to environmental cost , Environmental-cost-assessment Model of material industry is designed and created reasonably based on inventory analysis and analyzing environmental charactistic and biology effect.Firstly, it analyzes technique frame of LCA and expatiate and analyze inventory analysis of LCA guided by total objective ideology.Then we pay more attentions on Environmental-cost-assessment Model and study environmental cost so as to discuss deeply application Environmental-cost-assessment Model in practice. According to present condition wo should create special database of LCA through production circle and technical development level in our country, and study mathematical and physical appraisal way appropriately so that environmental loads of various material have common and contrast effect.Furthermore, there is a case study about a material factory in northwest region.We collect some original data of environment from this factory .Aftetr these original data was puted into Environmental-cost-assessment Model, the model has been proved scientific and reasonable by compared the result of model with directly surveying result.The result of model is very important reference for making reasonable public policy and industry development policy.In addition, there are lots of effects and meanings to making appraisal context as well as relative government policy and actions.更多还原