【作者】 黎娟；

【导师】 周清明； 杨虹琦； 周冀衡；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 施用有机肥特别是菜籽饼肥与烟叶香气质和香气量的形成关系非常密切。烟草及其制品的品质主要是由烟叶内在化学成分决定的，原料烟叶化学成分的含量和组成比例直接影响卷烟产品的香味风格、质量和安全性。本研究以推广栽培面积较大的烤烟品种K326和云烟87中部叶(第11片-12片)为试验材料，经施用菜籽饼肥处理后，各处理在打顶后按四个成熟时期取样，采用高效液相色谱法、气相色谱和气质联用等现代分析技术，分别测定鲜叶中的叶绿素含量，类胡萝卜素含量；杀青样中有机酸、总氮、氨基酸、烟碱、还原糖、非还原糖等指标；以及烤后烟叶质体色素类物质降解产物和主要挥发性香气物的含量。考察菜籽饼肥和成熟度这两个因素与烤烟叶片主要香气前体物和主要中性挥发性香气物质的相关性，拟为烤烟提香技术的研究奠定理论基础，以期为揭示有机质促进烟草香气品质提高的作用机理和判断适时采收提供试验依据。主要研究结果如下： 1、探讨了菜籽饼肥与无机肥配施对烤烟主要香气前体物的影响。结果表明：菜籽饼肥与无机肥配施对烤烟内部化学成分和品质的效应要优于仅施无机肥处理；菜籽饼肥与无机肥配施，可减缓烟叶中质体色素的降解，增加多元有机酸和可溶性总糖含量。菜籽饼肥对烟叶中主要香气前体物的作用各有不同。菜籽饼肥各处理中以施菜籽饼肥滤渣处理对质体色素、非挥发性有机酸、还原糖和非还原糖、总N、烟碱和钾素的影响最为明显。此外，烤烟品种K326和云烟87中主要香气前体物的含量对不同形态菜籽饼肥的响应能力并不相同。K326在质体色素、总N、烟碱和钾素上的响应能力要高于云烟87；但在有机酸和糖类物质上响应能力要低于云烟87。 2、采用气质联用对烤烟的质体色素降解产物和挥发性香气物质进行定性分析，并用气相色谱做了定量检测。结果显示：K326各种主要挥发性香气物质含量均高于云烟87；在四个处理中，施用菜籽饼肥的主要挥发性香气物质均高于施无机肥处理，其中尤以施菜籽饼肥滤渣在增加烤烟叶片主要挥发性香气物质方面有最明显的效果，其在新植二烯、类胡萝卜素降解物、西柏烷类化合物、美拉更多还原

【Abstract】 Applying organic manure especially rapeseed cake fertilizer has close relation with the composing of tobacco fragrance quality and fragrance quantity. The quality of tobacco and its products are determined by tobacco’s internal chemical compounds. The content and composing proportion influence directly cigarette’s fragrance style ,quality and security. This research used tobacco verities K326 and Yunyan 87 (the 11th to the 12th leaf) as experiment materials. After the process of applying rapeseed cake fertilizer, which sampled according to the four mature periods after topping ,the modernized analytic technology of liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, GC-MS and so on were utilized to determine separately the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoids in fresh leaves ; the indicators of organic acid, total nitngen, amino acid, nicotinic, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar in sample; the contents of chromoplast pigment degradation products and volatile aromatic materials in flue-cured tobacco leaves. The correlation between the two factors of rapeseed cake fertilizer ,the maturity and the main fragrance precursors , the main neutrophil volatile aromatic materials was examined ,which laid a theory foundation to the research of flue-cured tobacco’s technology of adding fragrance and opened out the functioning mechanism of organic mater’s acceleration to the improvement of tobacco fragrance quality and the experiment basis of timely collection. The main results were indicated as follows:1. It is probed into the influence of rational application of rapeseed fertilizer and inorganic fertilizers to fragrance precursors. The result indicates that the effect of rational application of rapeseed fertilizer and inorganic fertilizers to flue-cured tobacco’s internal chemical compounds and quality is superior to applying pure inorganic fertilizers only. Rational application of rapeseed cake fertilizer and inorganic fertilizers can slow down chromoplast pigments’ degradability, elevate the contents of organic acid and soluble total sugar. Rapeseed cake fertilizer affect更多还原