【作者】 刘杰；

【导师】 张杨珠； 叶春；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 土壤学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 目前我国面临严重的水体富营养化问题，大多采用的生态重建对策主要是基于对富营养化湖泊水文、水质、底质等的调查分析，通过控源、利用生境修复措施创造生态恢复条件、人工重建水生植被和湖泊生态系统管理，重建良性的湖泊水生态系统。而土壤种子库技术是重建富营养化湖泊水生植被的一项有效措施。本文在分析底泥种子库技术在富营养化湖泊水生植被重建中的应用可行性及其优势的基础上，以江苏省无锡市五里湖示范工程区水体为研究对象，较系统地研究了东太湖底泥种子库的特点及其对水生植被恢复的作用和对污染水体环境的修复效应。所得主要结果如下： 1、在实验室条件下鉴定了东太湖3种优势沉水植物群落区域底泥种子库，发现底泥种子库规模依次为苦草群落区＞马来眼子菜群落区＞微齿眼子菜群落区。并且由于沉水植物不同的繁殖特性，种子库的组成结构存在差异：苦草种子库以块状茎为主(块状茎占69％，种子占31％)、微齿眼子菜种子库以种子为主(种子占98％，断枝占2％)、马来眼子菜种子库根状茎和种子各占50％。从3种沉水植物底泥种子库萌发衰减曲线来看，苦草萌发时间较早，萌发速度较快；马来眼子菜虽萌发时间相对较晚，但后期萌发速度最快；而微齿眼子菜则萌发速度相对均匀；而从萌发的沉水植物物种数比较来看，东太湖、大棚和五里湖三个试验区调查到的沉水植物物种数均高于实验室条件下东太湖底泥种子库萌发的物种数。 2、从大棚种子库试验区和人工移植试验区萌发的沉水植物群落演替来看，黑藻成为后期的优势沉水植物群落，说明黑藻对本试验条件有最大适应性，并且种子库萌发的沉水植物较之人工移植试验有较高的生物多样性。 3、底泥种子库沉水植物萌发阶段，水体总磷含量、叶绿素a、化学需氧量、浊度明显下降，说明底泥种子库对水体环境质量有较强的修复效应。更多还原

【Abstract】 Lake eutrophication is a serious problem in china, the most corresponding eco-reconstruction countermeasures were set up based on the analysis of conditions of hydrology, water quality and sediment. The investigation and countermeasures included pollution sources control, habitat rehabilitation to create the conditions for ecological restoration, optimum design for artificial restoration of aquatic vegetation and aquatic ecosystem management, and the technology of soil seed banks is an efficient measure for restoration of aquatic vegetation of eutrophicated lake. Based on the feasibility and application advantage of soil seed banks in restoration of aquatic vegetation of lake eutrophication, the paper studied the characteristic of soil seed banks of East Taihu lake, the restoration effect on aquatic vegetation and rehabilitation of water environment. The main results were summarized as follows:The identification of soil seed banks was carried out through incubation experiment in laboratory condition, we found out the size of soil seed banks for three dominant aquatic plant community in lake Taihu is examined and the order in magnitude is: vallisneria spiralis L community > potamogeton malaianus community > potamogeton maackianus community. And because of different reproduction characteristic of various submerged plant, composition structure of the tested soil seed banks showed difference: the germination of vallisneria spiralis L is mostly by tuber (tuber account for 69% and seed account for 31%, respectively) ; the germination of potamogeton maackianus is mostly by seed (seed account for 98% and break tress account for 2%, respectively); potamogeton malaianus is germinated by both tuber and seed. The germination of vallisneria spiralis L is early and rapid; The germination of potamogeton malaianus is late but rapid in the laten stage; The germination of potamogeton maackianus is moderate. The species quantity of submerged plant investigated from three experiment plots of East Taihu lake、shed and Wuli lake are bigger than obtained by laboratory incubation.The late dominant aquatic plant community germinated by soil seed banks and artificial transplanting plots is Hydrilla verticillata community, and it showed that Hydrilla verticillata has good adaption for this experimental conditions. The aquatic plant community established by soil seed banks have better species variety than artificial transplanting plots.Soil seed banks could restorate the water environment quality effectively, and reduce the content of total phosphorus、chlorophyll and chemical oxygen demand of the polluted water environment evidently.更多还原