【作者】 石其伟；

【导师】 刘强； 荣湘民；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 植物营养学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 为筛选稻草快腐微生物菌剂，本研究采用室内模拟堆肥的方法，研究了亿安奇乐CM菌、垦德绿、满园春、自配的B2、自配的B15等5组不同的微生物菌剂对稻草腐解效果的影响，并采用田间小区试验探讨了效果较好的菌剂发酵而成的生物有机肥在小白菜上的应用效果。所得结果如下： 1．添加微生物菌剂有利于稻草的腐熟，其中以垦德绿（处理2）、满园春（处理3）、自配的B2（处理4）的效果最佳。三种菌剂促进堆体达到50℃的高温的时间比对照提早了5 d以上，高温持续的时间较对照延长了6 d以上，且都满足了堆肥无害化的要求。三种菌剂促进了发酵底物前期的分解作用和后期的腐殖化作用，加速了N的生物固定与硝化，减少了N素损失；同时发酵结束后发酵原料的C／N比降到了18以下，T，即（终点C／N）／（初始C／N）下降到了0.60：水溶性有机C／N比降到了6以下；水溶性有机碳／全氮比值均降到了0.35以下。添加微生物菌剂有利于种子发芽率的提高，其中以菌剂3、4处理最高，达到了80％，菌剂2接近80％；对木质素的降解效果以菌剂3、4最好，菌剂2次之，30天后降解率依次比对照高出了18.66％、17.13％、16.16％；对半纤维素的降解效果以菌剂3最好，菌剂2和菌剂4次之，30天后降解率分别比对照高出了27.93％、22.27％、19.23％；对纤维素的降解效果以菌剂2、3、4较好，30天后降解率依次比对照高出了39.99％、38.09％、30.16％；但所有处理对含水率、pH值及全氮、全磷、全钾和NO₃^-N含量等影响不大。 2．将垦德绿、满园春、自配的B2菌剂发酵而成的稻草型生物有机肥A、B、C和未加菌剂堆制的有机肥代替部分化肥应用于小白菜上，试验结果表明：生物有机肥处理提高了小白菜生育前期功能叶的叶绿素与叶绿素a的含量，延缓各时期叶绿素a／b比值的下降，从而延缓了叶片的衰老，延长了叶片光合作用时间，为小白菜产量的提高和品质的改善奠定了物质基础。生物有机肥处理提高了小白菜功能叶硝酸还原酶活性，尤以生育前期比较明显，在小白菜移栽后22 d，生物有机肥A、B、C处理小白菜功能叶硝酸还原酶活性分别比纯化肥处理提高了45.50％、40.68％、48.37％。 同时，生物有机肥处理对小白菜生育后期根系总吸收面积与各时期根系的活跃吸收更多还原

【Abstract】 In order to screen reasonable microbial agents for bio-organic fertilizer, the effects of 5 different microbial agents（ CM, Kendelv, Manyuanchun, B2 and B15 ） on decomposition of compound of rice straw and pig feces were investigated in national condition. And the effects of 3 kinds of better bio-organic fertilizers which were fermented by Kendelv, Manyuanchun and B2 were also studied on Pak-choi by field experiment. The main results were reported as follows:1. Addition of microbial agents during the composting was effective in accelerating composting rate and the effects of treatments with Kendelv, Manyuanchun, B2 were better than that of treatment with CM, B15 and CK, which didn’t add microbial agent. During the composting, not only the high temperature（≥ 50 ℃） of treatment with microbial agents were advanced by 5 days, but also the high-temperature period was prolonged by 6 days compared with CK, which was long enough to conform to the sanitary standard of the non-hazardous treatment for composting. Meanwhile, the decomposition and humification of organic material was promoted by testing EC and E4/E6, the loss of nitrogen was decreased for acceleration of biological nitrogen immobilization and nitrogen nitrification by inoculating of microbial agents. What’s more, after composting, the ratio of total C to total N was decreased to 18 and T（ the ending ratio of C/N ratio to original C/N ratio） decreased to 0.6. The ratio of dissolved organic C to dissolved organic N and dissolved organic C to total N was decreased to 6 and 0.35 respectively. Simultaneously, the germentation index （GI） reached to 80%. Compared with CK, the lignin decreasing rates of treatments with Manyunanchun, B2 and Kendelv during the composting were increased by 18.66%, 17.13%, 16.16% respectively, the semi-cellulose decreasing rates were increased by 27.93%, 19.23%, 22.27% respectively, the cellulose decreasing rates were increased by 38.09%. 30.16%, 39.99% respectively. The effect of microbial agents on the moisture, pH, total N. total P. total K and （NO₃^-）-N was not更多还原