【作者】 罗中钦；

【导师】 崔国贤；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 以湖南农业大学苎麻研究所选育的“湘苎三号”、“多倍体一号”和“多倍体二号”的籽粒为材料，研究了籽粒的精选方法、籽粒的基本物理特性、超临界CO₂流体萃取工艺、有机溶剂萃取工艺、籽粒储藏期和成熟度对含油率的影响，并分析了超临界CO₂流体萃取所得的油脂的理化特性、脂肪酸组成及油粕氨基酸组成。主要的研究结果如下： 1．苎麻籽精选只需过两次筛即可，即过20目筛，去除直径大于1mm的杂质；过40目筛，去除直径小于0.45mm的杂质。 2．超临界CO₂流体萃取苎麻籽油的最佳条件为：萃取温度45℃、萃取压力30MPa、分离温度55℃、分离压力12MPa、萃取时间90min；有机溶剂浸泡萃取苎麻籽油的最佳条件为：粉碎、提取温度80℃、提取时间12h。 3．苎麻籽油的脂肪酸主要组成为亚油酸（C18：2），油酸（C18：1），棕榈酸（C16：0），硬脂酸（C18：0），亚麻酸（C20：1）；不饱和脂肪酸（USFA）占90％以上，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）占79％以上；亚油酸含量尤为丰富，达77.40％～78.84％。 4．苎麻籽油粕含17种氨基酸，含量为209.02～278.46mg／g，品种间差异较大；含7种必须氨基酸，必须氨基酸占总氨基酸的32.06～33.17％。 5．苎麻籽含油率品种间差异极显著，三个品种中含油率高的达22.80％，低的只有13.77％；苎麻籽常温干燥储藏1年含油率无显著变化，储存两年含油率极显著降低。 6．苎麻籽的成熟，品种间存在明显差异，湘苎三号最先成熟，其次是多倍体二号，最后是多倍体一号，成熟都要到12月，大大晚于三麻收获期。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this research, the seeds of three ramie varieties—XiangZhu No.3, Tri-1 and Tri-2, which were breeded by the Institute of Ramie Research of Hunan Agricultural University, were selected to serve as experiment materials. The method of cleaning of seeds, the essential physical characteristics of seeds, the extraction process of Supercritical CO₂ Extraction （SFE-CO₂）, the extraction process of organic solvents, and the effect of storage and maturity of seeds on oil content were studied. Then, the physicochemical properties and the fatty acids compositions were mensurated for the oils by SFE-CO₂, and the amino acids compositions was determined for the oil meal by SFE-CO₂. The main research results were as follows:1. Passing two sample sifters can clean the ramie seeds: wiping off the impurities bigger than 1mm by passing 20-mesh-sifter; removing the impurities smaller than 0.45mm by passing 40-mesh-sifter.2. The obtained optimum technological conditions of SFE-CO₂ were as follows: extraction temperature 45 ℃, extraction pressure 30 MPa, separation temperature 55℃, separation pressure 12 MPa, and extraction time 90 min; the best optimum technological conditions of organic solvent extraction were as follows: fragmentation, extraction temperature 80 ℃, and extraction time 12 h.3. Mensurating the fatty acid content in ramie seed oil by SFE-CO₂, it was showed that the major fatty acids in ramie seed oil were palmitic acid （C16:0）, stearic acid （C18:0）, oleic acid （C18:1）, linoleic acid （C18:2）, linolenic acid （C20:1）.In which, USFA account for more than 90% of the total fatty acids, and PUFA account for about 79% of the total fatty acids. Especially, the content of linoleic acid was account for 77.4⁷8.84% of the gross fatty acids.4. The oil meal of ramie seed had 17 kinds of amino acids, and the content of更多还原