【作者】 易学武；

【导师】 张石蕊； 肖兵南；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验选用体重相近的36头荷斯坦奶牛，采用单因子设计，根据产奶量、胎次及泌乳天数随机分为6组(n=6)，分别为精粗分饲组(SI)、TMR1组(T1)、TMR2组(T2)、MR3组(T3)、TMR4组(T4)和TMR5组(T5)，精饲料：粗饲料相应为50：50、60：40、55：45、50：50、45：55、40：60，研究具有南方奶牛日粮类型特征的TMR饲养技术不同精粗比对奶牛的采食行为、产奶性能、全肠道养分表观消化率和血清代谢产物的影响，并与精粗分饲进行比较，试验结果表明： (1)采食行为：在TMR饲养技术下，日粮精粗比的增加，可显著降低奶牛的干物质采食量(P＜0.05)和极显著降低咀嚼时间(P＜0.01)；在相同精粗比日粮下，不同饲喂方式对奶牛采食行为的影响不显著(P＞0.05)。 (2)产奶性能：在TMR饲养技术下，日粮精粗比的增加，可显著提高奶牛的产奶量、4％标准奶产量、乳糖、乳总固形物、总非脂固形物产量(P＜0.05)；在相同精粗比日粮下，不同饲喂方式对奶牛的产奶性能影响明显，TMR饲养技术显著提高奶牛的乳脂率、4％标准奶产量、乳脂产量、乳总糖量和总乳固形物量(P＜0.05)。 (3)全肠道养分表观消化率：在TMR饲养技术下，日粮精粗比的增加，可显著提高奶牛全肠道养分表观消化率(除粗脂肪外)(P＜0.05)；在相同精粗比日粮下，不同饲喂方式对奶牛全肠道养分表观消化率影响不显著(P＞0.05)。 (4)血清代谢产物：在TMR饲养技术下，日粮精粗比的增加，对奶牛的血液代谢产物没有显著影响(P＞0.05)；在相同精粗比日粮下，不同饲喂方式对奶牛血清代谢产物影响不显著(P＞0.05)。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trial selected a single factorial design to determine the effects of (1) feeding a total mixed ration (TMR) compared with separate ingredients (SI) at the same concentrate to forage ratios(50:50) for the ration, and (2) concentrate to forage ratios for TMR (60:40, 55:45, 50:50, 45:55, and 40:60) in the diet on feeding behavior, milk performance, apparent digestibility of nutrients of total tract, and blood metabolism in the southern of China by taking typical feed local. 36 lactating Holstein cows were used in the trial and divided into 6 treatments (n=6) according to milk yield, calving date, and lactation. The concentrate to forage ratios for the ration SI, T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5 were 50:50,60:40, 55:45, 50:50,45:55, and 40:60. The results indicated that:(1) Feeding behavior: Dry matter intake (P<0.05), and chewing activity (P<0.01) significantly decreased as C:F increased in total mixed ration; under the same ratio of concentrate to forage (50:50), dry matter intake, and chewing activity have no significant difference in the two feeding methods.(2) Milk performance: The milk yields, 4% FCM yields, milk lactose yields, milk solid yields, and milk solids-not-fat yields significantly increased as C:F increased in total mixed ration (P<0.05); In the two feeding methods, the 4% FCM, the milk fat content, milk fat yields, milk lactose yields, and milk solid yields of dairy cows in T3 group significantly increased than SI group (P<0.05) regardless of the same ratio of concentrate to forage (50:50).(3) Apparent digestibility of nutrients of total tract: In TMR, apparent digestibility of nutrients of total tract of dairy cows (besides ether extract) significantly increased (PO.05) as C:F increased; under the same ratio of concentrate to forage (50:50), the apparent digestibility of nutrients of total tract have no significant difference in the two feeding methods (P>0.05).(4) Blood metabolism: In TMR, blood metabolism was no significant difference (P>0.05) as C:F increased; under the same ratio of concentrate to forage (50:50), the blood metabolism has no significant difference in the two feeding methods (P>0.05).更多还原