【作者】 刘伶俐；

【导师】 田科雄； 肖兵南；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 在中国南方，由于地处亚热带，炎热的气候对奶牛的生产和健康带来了巨大影响，且南方奶牛品种品质差、管理水平低下，为提高产奶量、改善目前生产水平落后的状态，应选用科学的饲养管理技术来提高南方奶牛业的生产水平。DHI(Dairy HerdImprovement)体系是国际上最先进的牧场管理工具，是衡量牛场管理水平的依据，可提高奶牛群管理和生奶质量水平，并为乳业科学研究提供准确的数据。 本研究是以玉米—麦麸精料和苜蓿草、玉米秸秆为基础日粮，通过动物饲养试验探讨了DHI体系在南方气候条件下对泌乳奶牛产奶量、乳成分、乳中体细胞数(SCC)等的应用研究。试验时间为2005年1月～12月，试验动物来自湖南省畜牧兽医研究所奶牛原种场110头成年荷斯坦奶牛。通过每月一次奶样采集及乳成分、SCC测定，形成DHI报表，根据DHI报表所反映的相关信息，合理调整日粮配方、牛群结构，做好乳房炎的跟踪预防工作，最大潜能地发挥奶牛的生产性能，提高南方奶牛业的生产水平，并为南方地区DHI体系的进一步应用与推广提供科学的参考依据。 试验结果表明： 1、在南方饲养条件下，DHI体系的应用能显著地改善荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量，其中305天预计奶量由测定前的2861.27kg提高到目前的3166.83kg，提高了10.7％；成年当量由测定前的3173.69kg提高到目前的3481.36kg，提高了9.7％。 2、应用DHI体系后能显著地缩短高峰日到来的时间、提高高峰奶量。高峰日由测定前的85天缩短到目前的71天，提高了16.5％，高峰奶量由测定前的9.99kg提高到目前的12.34kg，提高了23.5％。冬、春季节产犊的母牛其高峰日到来较早、高峰奶量也高，而炎热夏季高峰日滞后、高峰奶量降低，因此，可适当安排牛只在冬、春季节产犊。 3、应用DHI体系后能显著地降低牛奶中SCC的数量及乳房炎的发病率。SCC由测定前的59.3万／ml下降到目前的24.7万／ml，下降了58.3％，乳房炎的发病率由测定前的5.4％减少为目前的2.1％，减少了61.1％。SCC为20～40万／ml时，不表现隐性乳房炎的症状，在60～100万／ml时则表现出隐性乳房炎的症状。 4、在DHI体系的指导下，通过改善日粮结构、管理方式能有效调整牛群的脂蛋比。更多还原

【Abstract】 In Southern China, as it is situated at the subtropics, the burning hot climate has brought the huge influence on cow’s production and health, even the cow’s breed and trait are very poor, the management level are very lower. In order to enhance milk production、 improve the production level condition, we should select the science technology of raising management to raise cow’s industry level of development. DHI (Dairy Herd Improvement) system is the most advanced farm management tool in the international, which is the basis for weighs the cow field management level, so can be enhance the cow group management and lives the milk quality level, and provides the accurate data for the dairying scientific research.This research’s foundation diet is basis on corn ——wheat bran concentrated feed and alfalfa, corn straw stalk, through animal feed experiment to discussed the applies and research of DHI system effect on the lactating cow’s milk production, the milk ingredients, the somatic cell count (SCC) in the milk under the south climatic conditions. The experimental time is from January to December 2005. The experimental animal is 110 Holstein lactating cows, which comes from the Hunan Province raising livestock veterinarian research institute cow stock field Through milk type gathering and the milk ingredient, the SCC determination in each month, forms the DHI monthly statement. According to the DHI report form, to reflects the related information, and to adjust the reasonable accent grain formula, the cow group structure, completes the mastitis the track prevention work, so can be display cow’s production performance with biggest potential and raises cow’s industry production level in southern China, and provides the science reference for further application and promotion of DHI system in the south China area.The test result indicated that:1、 Under the south raising conditions, the DHI system application can remarkably enhance the Holstein cow’s milk production quantity, such as 305 days estimates milks quantity enhances from determination before 2861.27kg to present 3166.83 kg, enhanced 10.7%. The matured equivalent enhances from determination before 3173.69kg to present 3481.36kg, enhanced 9.7%.更多还原