【作者】 陈修亮；

【导师】 曾和平；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 光学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 量子保密通信系统是一种以单光子作为信息载体的新一代保密通信系统。这种系统利用单光子的量子特性，使其成为一种绝对安全的保密通信系统。单光子探测器作为量子保密通信系统的核心器件，直接决定了系统的通信距离和误码率。因此如何提高单光子探测器的量子效率、降低探测器的暗噪声成为量子保密通信研究的热门课题。 本论文的工作主要包括三个方面： 第一，对利用雪崩光电二极管进行单光子探测的一些关键技术进行了研究，其中包括雪崩抑制技术，门控模式中雪崩信号采集技术以及单光子探测器的计算机接口技术。 第二，介绍我们自主研制的两代单光子探测器，并将单光子探测器SPD2与国际上最优的idQuantique的ID200单光子探测器的性能进行比较。 第三，利用自制的1550nm单光子探测器，成功完成了50.6km长期稳定的量子保密通信实验，并通过模拟实验验证了此探测器在由我们最先提出的可扩展的相位差分调制量子保密通信方案中应用的可能性。最后概述使用四台单光子探测器SPD2完成的通讯距离为100km基于偏振编码的量子保密通信实验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Quantum cryptosystem is a novel cryptosystem, which uses a single photon as the information carrier. The absolute security of the quantum cryptosystem is guaranteed by the quantum mechanics. One of the major parts in quantum cryptosystem is the single photon detector. In quantum cryptosystem, the communication distance of the system and quantum bit error rate are mainly laid on the performance of the single-photon detector. Therefore, the key problem in quantum cryptosystem is how to improve the quantum efficiency and how to decrease the dark-count probability.There are three main jobs in this paper.First, we discuss some key techniques in the single-photon detection, which include the dual-gate technique, the spike-cancellation using another avalanche photodiode and the spike-cancellation using an adjustable capacitance.Second, we introduce our two single-photon detectors, and compare the performance of the single-photon detector with the ID200 single-photon detector of idQuantique company which is the best single-photon detector in the world.Third, we apply our single-photon detector at 1550nm in the 50.6km long distance stable quantum key distribution system. And according to the result of a simulate experiment, we prove that this single-photon detector can be used in the differential phase shift quantum key distribution system with expansible setup, which is first proposed by us. At last, we demonstrate a quantum key distribution with polarization code at 1550 nm in long-distance single-mode fiber using four SPD2 single-photon detectors.更多还原