【作者】 刘天翔；

【导师】 崔宜明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 伦理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是对近代中国思想家——梁启超——在其最著名的著作《新民说》所构建的近代人格的分析和研究。梁启超属于较早的一批接触西学的学者，他深刻地意识到近代中国所面临的时代问题——中华民族必须成为一个独立的现代民族主权国家。他有着深厚的中学功底，同时对西方近代传入的进化论、社会契约论和社会有机体说有所了解。他用西学的理论树立新的以国家为目标的“国民”人格，形成现代民族主权国家的认同；同时，又利用传统儒家资源——理想人格中的担当精神——确立人格的主体性，实现人格独立。 本文由四个部分组成： 第一部分简要地介绍了《新民说》产生的背景。它包括近代中国的民族危机，传统儒家思想史上对“公”、“群”的理解，以及理想人格的担当精神。第二部分主要讨论梁启超在《新民说》中是如何构建“新民”人格的，首先是从传统的“天下观”向近代的“民族主权国家观”的转变，其二是利用儒学中主体性资源和对西方近代启蒙理性作中国式解读，想让当时的每一国人除去专制制度下形成的“心奴”，然后让其承担作为一个国民的责任。接着，以“自尊”来整合前两个维度。最后，反思梁启超的启蒙在近代历史中的具体走向。第三部分探讨在建构新民人格中所开启的道德转型和其中对传统儒家的文化传承。第四部分，余论。以五四时期的国民性改造运动为背景，反思新民说在思想史上的意义，并结合当代中国的改革开放，在新的语境下进行反思。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is to study one modern China thinker - Liang Qichao - in whose most well-known works "the New people’s Theory" analysis and research constructing modern personality. Liang Qichao belonged to the early one batch of the scholars who contacted western learning, he profoundly real ized the times question - Chinese nation which modern China faces to have to become an independent modern nationality sovereign state. He had the deep Chinese Confucianism’s foundation, and had his own understanding to the social contract to the western modern times discusses with the social organism theory. He used the western learning the theory to set up newly theory in order to take the country as the goal "the national" the personality, forms the modern nationality sovereign state the approval; At the same time, he also used traditional Confucianist resources - ideal personality to take on the spiritual - establishment personal the main character, the realization personality is independent.This article is composed by four parts:The first part briefly introduces "the New people theory" background. It includes modern China’s national crisis, and traditional Confucianist thinking history in to "gong", "group", as well as the ideal personality takes on the spirit. The second part mainly discusses Liang Qichao in "the New people’s Theory" how to construct "the new people" personality, the second one is to favor the main character of Confucianism, in order to make each people form "the heart slave" except the despotic system under. The third part of discussions in constructs moral reforming which in the new people personality opens, with to traditional Confucianist’s cultural inheritance. The fourth part will briefly summarize and evaluate the significance of new people said in the thinking history.更多还原