【作者】 杨靖；

【导师】 郭秀艳；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 前瞻记忆是指对预定事件或未来要执行的行为的记忆，即对于将来的某种意向和计划的记忆。它反映了将来的情况，使人们记得要去做某事。本论文在对前瞻记忆已有研究进行较为全面综述的基础上，对不同类型的前瞻记忆的特点进行了研究。 在文献综述部分，对前瞻记忆的定义及特点；前瞻记忆的研究简史；前瞻记忆的分类；前瞻记忆的研究方法；前瞻记忆的影响因素及相关研究；前瞻记忆的机制及理论模型；前瞻记忆研究的理论意义和现实价值这七个方面进行了较为详尽地介绍。 在实验研究部分，以大学本科生为对象，分别对基于事件、基于活动以及基于时间的前瞻记忆进行了探讨，另外，在一个实验中对这三种前瞻记忆类型进行比较分析。实验以卡特尔16种人格因素测验作为干扰任务，以瑞文标准推理测验(气质类型问卷)作为进行中任务，进而对不同类型的前瞻记忆与人格、智力间的关系进行了分析，结果表明，16PF中的乐群性、感情用事与安详机警性以及兴奋性与不同类型的前瞻记忆存在相关；气质类型与前瞻记忆也存在明显的相关；而智力与三种前瞻记忆的相关均不显著。 实验一是对基于事件的前瞻记忆进行研究，主要探讨了前瞻记忆任务的重要性、目标事件的醒目程度、进行中任务的难度对前瞻记忆的影响，结果表明：三者均对基于事件的前瞻记忆产生了明显的影响。 实验二是对基于活动的前瞻记忆进行研究，主要探讨了前瞻记忆任务的重要性、指导语呈现方式以及目标任务的难度对前瞻记忆的影响，结果表明：前瞻记忆任务的重要性对基于活动的前瞻记忆产生了明显的影响，而指导语的呈现方式对前瞻记忆的影响不明显。 实验三是对基于时间的前瞻记忆进行研究，主要探讨了前瞻记忆任务的重要性、监控时间的方式对前瞻记忆的影响，结果表明：前者对基于时间的前瞻记忆产生了明显的影响：而后者的影响不明显。 实验四在同一实验中比较了三种前瞻记忆，结果表明：基于时间的前瞻记忆水平明显低于：基于事件和基于活动的前瞻记忆水平，而后两者间不存在差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Prospective Memory is memory for activities to be performed in the future, i.e. memory for intentions and plans of the future, which makes people remember to do something in the future. This article summarized researches on prospective memory that had been done, and carried out researches on the characteristics of different kind of prospective memory.In the first part, This article summarized prospective memory from 7 aspects: the definition and characteristics, history, classification, research methods, affecting factor, mechanisms and theoretical models, theoretic and real value of prospective memory.In the experimental part, the article, taking undergraduates as testees, respectively researched event-based, activity-based and time-based prospective memory and compared the three kinds of prospective memory in an experiment. The interferential task of the four experiments is Carttel’s 16 Personality Factors Questionnaire (16PF) and the on-going task of the three preceding experiments is Raven’s Progressive Matrices (or Temperament Type Questionnaire ) in order to analyze the relations between prospective memory and personality and intelligence. The result shows: prospective memory has salient correlations with Factor A, Factor F and Factor X3; and has salient correlation with the type of Temperament; but hasn’t with intelligence.The first experiment researched event-based prospective memory, which discussed the effect of task importance, the striking of target event and the difficulty of on-going task on event-based prospective memory. The result shows: these three factors have salient effect on the performance of prospective memory.The second experiment researched activity -based prospective memory, which discussed the effect of task importance, the way of presenting direction and the difficulty of on-going task on activity-based prospective memory. The result shows: the effect of task importance and the difficulty of on-going task have salient effect on the performance of prospective memory, while the way of presenting direction hasn’t.The third experiment researched time-based prospective memory, which discussed the effect of task importance and the way of monitoring time on time-based prospective memory. The result shows: the effect of task importance has salient effect on the performance of prospective memory, while the way of monitoring time hasn’t.The fourth experiment compared three kinds of prospective memory. The result shows: the performance of time-based prospective memory is salient lower event-based and activity-based prospective memory, while event-based and activity-based prospective memory hasn’t salient difference.更多还原