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一个四岁儿童语言知识的调查研究

The Language Knowledge Investigation of a Four-year-old Child

【作者】 陈舟楫

【导师】 巢宗祺;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 汉语言文字学, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 学龄前儿童没有学习过语言学的知识,就能较好地运用语言表达自己,他们使用与学习语言的背后,具备怎么样的语言知识,这种语言知识与我们以往在学校中所教授的语言学知识的存在形态有什么不同?对学龄前儿童的语言发展状况、学习过程的认真考察,有助于我们更好地认识“语言知识”的形态、特征及其本质。本文通过调查测试,对一个4岁儿童的语言发展状况、语言知识的形态、特征及获得方式进行描写与分析,以求将语言知识的探讨引导到源头深处,而不仅仅停留在理论的层面上。本文主要内容及观点如下: 1、通过对一名四岁儿童自然话语语料的分析,我们从语音、词汇、语法、语用等各个层面对被试的语言发展状况进行了详细描述,并结合测试,对儿童的语言知识进行分析。语音方面,儿童能基本掌握声、韵、调的发音,对声韵调的错误有一定的辨别能力;词汇方面,儿童所使用的实词涉及各个词类,能将语音形式与事物的形象联系起来,在理解和把握词语的意义;语法方面,儿童能在句中运用虚词,掌握一定的句法结构,并对词序、搭配、词语误用、漏用、多用等方面的语法错误有一定的敏感度;语用方面,儿童能采用不同的语气和句子在不同情境下表达不同的含义,能理解比喻句和使用借代等修辞手法,能正确理解某些词语的感情色彩。 2、结合调查与相关理论,对“学龄前儿童是否具备语言知识”、“学龄前儿童语言知识的特点”、“学龄前儿童学习语言知识的方式”等问题展开讨论。本文认为,语言知识是“人类认识语言的成果”,就内容而言,包括语音、词句的意义、词句的结构、词句运用规律等,就其本质来讲,语言知识是人的言语经验,是人在言语活动过程中对言语行为和言语对象的反映的产物。结合调查,我们推断儿童已经一定的语音、语义、语法、语用等知识,但这种知识具有特殊的存在方式,即不可言传性。“语言知识”的存在形态包括“可言传”和“不可言传”两种,“语言知识”的性质为客观性与主观性、抽象性与具体性的统一。儿童的“语言知识”的特征是具体直观性、不可言传性、个人主观性、零星非系统、浅表局部、综合笼统。儿童通过自主建构、模仿记忆、获得等方式学习语言知识。

【Abstract】 This thesis describes the detail language developing status of a four years old boy, on the base of the detail description, we made a test in order to know the form and the character of the language knowledge which the four years old boy has. Then we have a discussion on the topics of "If the four years old children have language knowledge ","The character of children’s language knowledge", "The way children obtain language knowledge", so that we lead the discussion of language knowledge to the deep place in virtue of language facts, not only rest on the paleness theory.We get the real language materials from a four years old boy by the way of five days tracing and recording. We made a detail analysis of the language develop status on the aspects of phonics, glossary, grammar and pragmatic. With the analyzed result, we design a language test in order to know the status and characters of the children’s language knowledge.We make the conclusion that the preschool children have language knowledge, but the status of the knowledge is internal and indescribable, the characters of this kind of knowledge are figurative, personal, nonsystematic, superficial and integrated. So we can make a new definition of the language knowledge, on the aspects of content it contains the phonics, glossary, grammar and pragmatic, on the aspects of forms it includes two parts one is the speakable which we can describe clearly with our language, another is unspeakable which is internal in our mind. Children obtain language knowledge in the way of self-constructing, imitating, memorizing and recollecting.

  • 【分类号】H193.1
  • 【被引频次】14
  • 【下载频次】1135
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