【作者】 申芳芳；

【导师】 张万里； 李德志；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 结缕草是一种应用非常广泛的草坪植物，也是一种克隆植物。通过对其生长过程进行详细观测，发现结缕草的生长呈现出很强的规律性。主匍匐茎和二级匍匐茎的生长特性具有一定相似性。在主匍匐茎和二级匍匐茎上，一般3天左右形成一个复合节，而单个复合节间的发育一般需要持续6—7天时间。复合节间的30％的增长是在另外一个复合节形成并快速伸长的同时进行的，这不但节省了结缕草的整体发育时间，而且可以较快速地产生多个复合节，并占领较多的生态位，提高了其竞争能力。 在主匍匐茎上，每个复合节形成后，根、Ta和Tb的平均出现时间依次为3.1天、4.5天、6.1天。而在二级匍匐茎上，上述时间则依次为3.2天、4.2天、7.6天。结缕草植株的复合节、根、Ta和Tb的形态建成速度呈直线关系，并且相互之间基本上是平行的。结缕草无性系各分株的发育时间基本相同。Ta分株在主匍匐茎上出现后，大约6—7天内形成它的第一个复合节，后开始形成二级匍匐茎。 结缕草克隆植株在温室外的环境条件下，经过近1个生长季节的生长(5月10日～10月2日)，平均形成了189条匍匐茎。分蘖株数量与天数的回归关系极好地符合指数函数增长曲线。 通过对温室内、外温度、湿度和光照的测量，表明：温室内、外环境因子差异主要表现在光照上。通过对温室内、外的结缕草植株构筑的测量研究发现：温室内结缕草的整体特征表现为：复合节间较长，分枝较少，长势较为均匀，生长格局倾向于“游击型”。总生物量在根、复合节间、叶中的分配比例为1：5.45：7.35。温室外结缕草的整体特征表现为：复合节间长度较短，分枝强度较大，生长格局倾向于“集团型”。总生物量在根、节间、叶中的分配比例为1：6.45：7.3。其中复合节数的变异系数最大，达35.4％，分蘖株数量和分蘖株累积长度的变异系数也都相对较大。 温室内、外主匍匐茎及二级匍匐茎的生物量差异显著，温室外远大于温室内。结缕草的生长行为表现出很强的可塑性和觅养特性。 结缕草A分株的发育一般总是早于B分株，两者的生物量差异较大，而且随着植株生长的不断进行而逐渐增大。在结缕草二级匍匐茎上的不同构件的数量与生物量与复合节间总长度之间的回归关系，呈现出不同的幂函数关系，相互之间表现出异速增长关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zoysia japonica Steud. as a widely used lawn grass is a typical clonal plant. Through detailed observations and measurements, we discovered that the growth of Zoysia japonica accord with some strict laws. The secondary stolons showed similar characteristics of growth to the main stolons. The speed of formation of one multiple-node was three days on the main or secondary stolons, but the development of internode needed six to seven days. Thirty percent of the total internode length was developed in the course of the growth of the next multiple-node.On the main stolons, it usually took 3.1, 4.5 and 6.1 days respectively for the root, tiller A and tiller B on the same multiple-node to occur, after the formation of the multiple-node, while on the secondary stolons, 3.2, 4.2 and 7.6 days respectively. The speed of formation of internode, root, Ta and Tb was linear, and they were parallel each other. The developmental time of each ramet was basically same. Ta formed its first multiple-node in about six days after its formation, and then began to form secondary stolons.Average 189 stolons were formed in one growth season outside of the glasshouse (from May 10th to Oct. 2nd). The regression relation between the tiller number and days was a typical exponential function.Illumination was obviously different between the environments outside and inside of the greenhouse. The growth pattern of Zoysia japonica tended to be guerrilla type when growing inside of the greenhouse, whichshowed longer internode length, less stolons and uniform ramets, while in outside, phalanx. The ratio among the biomass of root, stolon and leaf inside and outside was 1: 5.45: 7.35 and 1: 6.45: 7.3, respectively. Coefficient of variation of multiple-node numbers was the highest (35.4%), while the CVs of tillers numbers and stolon length.The difference between the total biomasses of the main and secondary stolons inside and outside was significant, the latter was much larger. The growth behavior of Zoysia japonica showed strong plasticity and foraging trait.Ta usually developed earlier than Tb, thus the biomass of Ta usually was bigger than Tb. The regression relations between the numbers and biomasses of the different modules and the total length of the stolons accorded with the power functions, and showed allometric growth mutually.The speeds of translocation showed no significant differences among the更多还原