【作者】 程书波；

【导师】 许世远； 刘敏；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 多环芳烃(Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons，PAHs)是一类重要的持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants，POPs)，具有长期残留性、生物蓄积性、半挥发性和高毒性，具有很强的“三致效应”(致癌、致畸形、致基因突变)，因此受到国内外的极大关注，尤其近年来国内也开始出现对多环芳烃(PAHs)的大量研究。城市地表灰尘对生态系统的破坏是隐蔽的、潜在的、长期的，且城市地表灰尘中的颗粒物对人体的危害则是直接的，有时甚至是致命的。城市地表灰尘是PAHs重要的汇，同时，地表灰尘中的PAHs在一定条件下能够挥发或通过再悬浮迁移至大气中，或随地表径流被冲刷至受纳水体，成为PAHs的二次污染源。本研究系统了的探讨上海市中心城区地表灰尘中PAHs的季节分布及功能区差异，初步研究了城市PAHs在多介质中的赋存规律，分析了影响PAHs城市环境地球化学过程的主要因素及其机制，并运用多种方法对城市地表灰尘中PAHs进行溯源，最后，对上海市中心城区地表灰尘中PAHs进行了生态风险评价，为上海市环境保护及管理提供了良好的科学依据。 对上海市中心城区地表灰尘样品中PAHs的分析表明，美国EPA优控的16种多环芳烃都能检出，且其总量非常大。冬季PAHs总量在6450.828～92834.521ng／g之间，平均值为19140.898ng／g：夏季PAHs总量在5632.086～27765.727ng／g，平均值为13329.578ng／g。上海市中心城区地表灰尘中PAHs累积水平具有明显的季节变化，无论是总量还是单个PAHs组分均表现出冬季含量高于夏季的特征。 不同功能区夏季样品中，公园含量最低，大学和居住区相当，含量都较低，加油站地表灰尘中含量较低，工业区和交通要道则污染最严重，商业区的PAHs污染排在工业区和交通要道之后，主要是在上海市的几个主要商业区(除步行街外)，大多都是交通繁忙的路段，其路边灰尘受到燃油的影响不亚于交通要道。绿地含量较高也是受到周边道路频繁的车辆往来的影响。各功能区地表灰尘PAHs含量的差异在冬季较为显著。工业区、商业区和交通要道灰尘中PAHs含量远远高于其他功能区，然后是居住区、大学和加油站，公园和绿地含量最低。所有功能区样品中PAHs组分的分布状况较为一致。总体来看，大部分低环组分含量较低，高环组分含量相对较高，呈现出按环数或分子量的增加而逐渐升高的趋势。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a set of POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants), PAHs (Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons) are semi-volatilized, toxic, persistent in the environment for long period of time, and biomagnify as they move up through the food chain, and can also lead to cancer, abnormality and genic mutation, so they are of great concern. Especially during the last few years more and more Chinese scientists began to study on PAHs. The corrosion to biological system of urban road dusts is convert, potential, and persistent, moreover, some particles of urban road dusts can threaten human’s health and sometimes cause death. Urban road dusts is not only the important sink of PAHs, meanwhile, they probably can transport to air, in some certain conditions, by volatilization and resuspension, and also can be washed to water bulk by surface runoff, to be the second pollution source of PAHs. Taking Shanghai city as an example, seasonal variation and the difference in functional districts of PAHs in urban road dusts in Shanghai central area have been discussed systematically, then the distribution principle of PAHs among urban media and the dominant factors influencing the environmental biogeochemistry of PAHs and the influencing mechanism in urban area, the source of PAHs in urban road dusts, have been analyzed, the dry deposition flux of PAHs in Shanghai central area has also been calculated using a modified model, at last, their ecological risk assessement has been given, which will provide scientific bases for urban environmental protection and management.The results have shown that all the 16 kinds of PAHs that EPA priority control have been detected with a large amount. Total PAHs concentration in winter samples ranged from 6450.828~92834.521ng/g, with a mean value of 19140.898ng/g, while it in summer samples ranged from 5632.086 ~ 27765.727ng/g, averaged in 13329.578ng/g. The seasonal variation was obvious that both total PAHs and single PAH concentrations were higher in winter samples than that in summer samples.In various functional districts in summer samples, park samples had the lowest PAHs concentration, university, residential areas and gas stations were also lower, while industrial areas and traffic areas were most polluted, the reason why更多还原