【作者】 李华芝；

【导师】 李秀艳；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 随着城市化和工农业生产的发展，江河湖库水体富营养化现象日益严重，利用生物修复技术净化富营养化水体是目前国内外的研究热点。本论文在国家高技术研究发展863计划专项基金（2003AA601020）资助下，针对处于富营养化状态的苏州河支流——丽娃河水体，立题开展了富营养化水体生物栅修复技术中微生态种群结构研究，采用以微生物载体填料和水生植物为主要构件，以水生植物、微生物（功能细菌、浮游藻类、原生动物、微型后生动物）为生态要素的生物栅集成技术，治理富营养化水体，通过研究微生物群落结构动态变化与污染物降解转化之间的关系，浮游植物和浮游动物的动态变化与污染物降解转化之间的关系，以及微生态系统要素的协同作用关系，为生物栅强化净化技术在治理富营养化水体的工程化应用提供理论依据。本文结论如下： 1．采用生物栅技术的净化池的COD_Cr、总氮、氨氮、总磷的去除率较对照池分别提高了47.6％～53.4％、24.9％～48.3％、63.5％～74.3％和57.7％～76.4％，表明生物栅技术在污染物去除方面起到重要作用；植物在总氮、总磷的去除中起到重要作用，设置水生植物的净化池比未设置水生植物的净化池在总氮的去除上提高了17.2％～30.1％，总磷的去除率提高了8.8％～26.3％。 2．ERIC-PCR遗传指纹图分析表明，设置水生植物的净化池微生物群落结构相似性大于未设置植物的净化池，且微生物多样性也较未设置植物的净化池高。设置曝气的反应池中微生物条带数量比未曝气的多，HRT为7.5h的反应池填料生物膜ERIC-PCR指纹图条带数比HRT为4h的要多，而根系生物膜上的微生物群落结构受HRT的影响小。 3．从ERIC-PCR条带多样性指数看出，随着系统的运行，各反应池中微生物多样性指数增加，微生物种群趋于丰富，相似性指数增高，系统处于良好的稳定状态，表现在对氮、磷等污染物的去除效果也相对稳定。 4．试验期间共观察到有8大门、48属、91种浮游植物；浮游植物的平均细胞密度达到了5.13×10⁶个／L，体积生物量均值为9.27mg／L，其中，绿藻门细胞密度和体积生物量最大，分别为2.48×10⁶个／L和2.73mg／L。 5．浮游植物的Shannon-Weaver指数均值都在2.0以上，Pielou均匀度指数更多还原

【Abstract】 As the development of industry and agriculture, the problem of eutrophication in water become more and more severe, and the bioremediation technique is used to solve the problem, which has become a worldwide research hotspot. Funded by Chinese National Programs for High Research and Development (No. 2003AA601020), the study mainly focuses on the micro-ecology respect using a new technique, with medium biofilms and hydrophytes as main components, and with microbes, plankton, hydrophytes and aquatic animals as basic ecological elements, which was adopted to deal with some eutrophicational water in Shanghai. This study aimed to investigate the relations between microbial community structures and degradation function for certain pollutants, the relations of dynamic change of phytoplankton/zooplankton to degradation of pollutants, and the synergetic relationship between ecological elements in the micro-ecosystem. A pilot-scale test was carried out, with influent as 6 m3/d-pond, 7 ponds parallel connected, and with continuous influent and effluent. The thesis consists of the following conclusions:1. The device with biobar has obvious affection on eutrophication water pollution removal, CODCr, TN, NH4-N and TP removal efficiencies are respectively 47.6%~53.4%, 24.9%~48.3%, 63.5%~74.3% and 57.7%~76.4% higher than those of control experiments. Water plants contribute for N and P absorption and removal, the purifying ponds with plants have higher TN and TP removal efficiency than those without hydrophytes, the enhanced TN and TP removal efficiencies are 17.2%~30.1% and 8.8%~26.3% respectively.2. ERIC-PCR fingerprinting analysis indicated that the ponds with hydrophyte had more abundant microbial community structure similarity and diversity than those without hydrophytes. The ponds with oxygen provision had more fingerprinting bands than those without oxygen given. The ponds with 7.5 h HRT had more abundant ERIC-PCR fingerprinting bands than those with 4 h HRT, and the result showed that HRT had less influence on root biofilms microbial community structure.3. As the experiments getting on, the systemic population diversity indexes and更多还原