【作者】 李茂刚；

【导师】 成荣明；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 分析化学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 碳纳米管具有纳米管腔结构、较高的比表面积和优良的导电性等特点，作为新一代的纳米材料，被广泛应用在储氢材料、量子纳米线、催化剂载体和能量存储器件（如超级电容器）等众多领域。本文主要在以下两个方面进行了碳纳米管的应用研究： 1．碳纳米管负载氧化铁的制备和机理研究 采用了两种不同的处理方法对碳纳米管进行预处理，然后将处理过的碳纳米管在Fe（NO₃）₃溶液中浸泡，最后在高温下热处理，得到碳纳米管负载Fe₂O₃催化剂，借助TEM和XRD对碳纳米管负载Fe₂O₃进行结构表征，并利用IR和TGA结果探讨了催化剂负载的机理。实验结果表明：采用两种不同的方法处理的碳纳米管在Fe（NO₃）₃溶液中浸渍后高温下进行热处理，可以得到碳纳米管负载Fe₂O₃催化剂，负载效果明显。对机理的研究表明：氧化铁是由Fe（NO₃）₃直接分解得到，其晶型为α-Fe₂O₃。采用混酸处理的碳纳米管负载氧化铁催化剂效果更佳。本方法简单易操作，可以通过控制浸泡时间的长短来控制负载量，为碳纳米管负载催化剂方面的工作提供的一种新颖、简易的方法。 2．碳纳米管薄膜电极电容去离子器的研制及性能研究 采用低压化学气相沉积（LPCVD）装置在金属导电基体上直接生长具有高比表面积的复合纳米碳基薄膜材料，这种复合纳米碳基薄膜材料中含有大量碳纳米管。直接采用这种生长在镍片基体上的碳纳米管薄膜作为电容去离子器（CDD）的电极材料制各了小型电容去离子装置，通过TEM、SEM、拉曼光谱和比表面与孔径分析仪对碳纳米管薄膜进行了结构表征，并使用不同种类的盐溶液研究其去离子性能。研究结果表明：碳纳米管薄膜电极的去离子效果明显、电极可重复使用、能耗低、去盐率最高可达70％以上。电极电压、溶液的初始浓度、流速、电极数目和离子种类对去盐工艺有明显影响，两种后处理工艺等离子刻蚀和空气退火都不利于去离子性能的提高，制备态的碳纳米管薄膜电极无需进行后处理，就具有较好的电容去离子性能。电容去离子的吸附等温曲线符合朗缪比尔（Langmuir）吸附等温线，根据模拟结果可以假定碳纳米管薄膜表面是单分子层覆盖。此方法将电极材料和集电极直接一次性合成，省去电极压铸工艺；有利于更多还原

【Abstract】 Carbon Nanotubes（CNTs） have the character of optimum pore size, high surface area and low electrical resistivity. As a typical representative of nanomaterial, they have drawn widespread application in the filed of hydrogen storage, quantum nanowires, catalyst supports and energy storges （eg. supercapacitor）, etc. In recent years, with their preparation in batches the power point of their investigation has changed from studying only in the lab to some pratical application areas. This paper mainly has twoparts on CNTs application studies as follows:1. Preparation and Mechanism of Carbon Nanotube loaded Ferric OxideTwo different pre-treated carbon nanotubes were marinated in the Fe（NO₃）₃ solutionfor a long time and filtered,Pre-treated carbon nanotubes absorbed by Fe（NO₃）₃ were annealed, and then the composite catalysts of carbon nanotube loaded by ferric oxide was directly gained. The images of composite catalysts were observed through TEM,the analyses of XRD showed that ferric oxide wrapping on carbon nanotubes was α -Fe₂O₃,the mechanism of carbon nanotube loaded by ferric oxide was discussed by utilizing IR and TGA. The results showed that carbon nanotubes treated by HNO₃ / H₂SO₄ had much better performace for loaing ferric oxide than by HCL. the composite catalysts of carbon nanotube loaded by ferric oxide was got through the decomposition of Fe（NO₃）₃. This method is simple in operation and the quantity of the catalysts of ferric oxide is under control by the time of the marination. 2. Development of Capacitive Deionization Device（CDD） with CNTs Film Electrodes and studies of its performanceIn this study we show a route to capacitive deionization process used CNTs Film as electrode materials. The nanomaterial directly synthesized by Low Pressure CVD system has high surface area and consists of lots of CNTs. We directly use this CNTs Film to fabricate the capacitive deionization device and The character of CNTs Films were investigated by TEM, SEM, Raman, BET, IR, etc. The deionization performance of CDD was tested and the desirable results of salt removed are gained. The effects of更多还原