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火警中的世界

The World in Fire Alarms

【作者】 皮德涛;

【导师】 马自毅;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 中国近现代史, 2006, 硕士

【副题名】晚清上海租界的消防

【摘要】 消防作为城市发展过程中一个重要的组成部分,它对于城市的发展起到了保护作用。19世纪中期之后,西方列强开始侵略中国,由于自身的衰弱,中国不断丧失掉属于自己的国家主权,租界的出现就是丧失主权的一种表现形式。以往我们的研究多关注于租界所产生的政治和经济影响,忽略了租界内部的发展情况,对于租界是如何发展起来的问题注意不多,就本文所关注的租界消防情况更是知之甚少。所以本文就以《工部局董事会会议录》、《申报》、《上海新报》等档案和报纸为原始资料,对晚清时期上海租界的消防发展情况做一简单梳理和分析,试图再现晚清租界消防建设过程的全貌;并在此基础之上,简要分析一下消防建设过程中存在的矛盾和冲突,以及租界消防对华界消防的影响等,进而希望能从租界消防建设的角度来把握租界发展的历史进程。 本文的第一部分主要围绕租界开展消防建设的原因和早期消防建设情况展开叙述。19世纪中期中国的战乱使上海租界改变了原有“华洋分居”的局面,形成了“华洋杂居”的局面;人口的增加和房屋质量的低下,使火灾发生的可能性增加,这是租界进行消防建设的直接原因;而“华洋杂居”给租界带来的长期繁荣,则是租界进行消防等市政建设的主要原因。早期的建设主要集中在消防机构和消防队伍的建立上,如火政处、火政委员会和几支消防队伍的建立,这些机构和队伍的建立使租界具备了进行消防活动的能力,为以后大规模的消防建设奠定了基础。 第二部分主要围绕19世纪70—90年代的大规模消防建设展开论述。19世纪70—90年代租界进行了大规模的消防建设,这些消防建设主要包括消防基础设施建设(如报警信号和消防用水设施等的建设)、预防工作的进行和与其他市政部门的配合等等,租界当局通过这些大规模的消防建设,给租界社会构建了一个完善的消防安全体系,起到了保护租界消防安全的作用。这些建设的进行带有了一种近代市政建设的色彩,分析消防建设也就可以了解到租界其他方面建设的大致轮廓。 第三部分主要围绕消防建设过程中界内各方对待消防的态度和行动展开论述。租界在进行消防建设的过程中,并非一番风顺。界内各方虽然对消防建设给予了一定的支持,但是在捐款问题上却发生了矛盾和冲突。这种支持和冲突共存的情况,给我们理解社会公益事业提供了一个独特的视角。即社会公益事业具有双重性,一为抽象意义,它使人们愿意支持消防建设,二为现实意义,它使人们围绕利益发生纷争,“拒

【Abstract】 Fire prevention, as an essential factor of city’s development, safeguards and maintains city’s progress. After the mid 19th century, western imperialist powers began to invade China who was gradually deprived of her own national sovereignty due to the fragility herself. Concession came into prominence as a form of losing sovereignty. Scholars have spared substantial attention to the political influence of concessions, but neglected the internal development in concession communities, including the fire prevention conditions in concessions. Thus, this thesis studies and analyzes the development of fire prevention in Shanghai International Settlement in late Ch’ing according to Minutes of Directorate of Labor Ministry, ShenBao, ShanghaiXinBao and other original materials and tries to recapture the conditions of fire prevention in Shanghai International Settlement in late Ch’ing, based on which the thesis briefly elaborates on the conflicts and clashes in the development of fire prevention and their influences on Chinese community.Chapter 1 expands on the reasons for the development of fire prevention in Shanghai International Settlement and the initial development of fire prevention. Wartime chaos in Chinese society in the mid 19th century breaks the segregation of Chinese and foreigners, and shapes the situation that Chinese and foreigners live in mixed communities. The growth in the population and the decline of the house quality have increased the likelihood of fire accident, which constitutes the immediate reason for fire prevention. The situation that Chinese and foreigners live in mixed communities has brought about long-term prosperity, which constitutes the primary reason for fire prevention. The early development centers on founding fire prevention departments, such as Fire Brigade and Fire Commission. These organs equip the concession of fire preventive abilities and lay a solid foundation for the large scale fire prevention construction later on.Chapter 2 centers on the large-scale construction of fire prevention from 1870s to 1890s. The large-scale construction, including building fire-fighting groundwork facilities (such as alarming signal and water equipment), undertaking fire prevention jobs and coordinating with other municipal departments, equips the concessions with a

【关键词】 消防; 上海租界;
【Key words】 Fire prevention; ShangHai International Settlement;
  • 【分类号】K295.1
  • 【被引频次】4
  • 【下载频次】353
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