【作者】 方和俊；

【导师】 达良俊；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 生态学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 城市绿地是构成城市生态系统的重要组成部分，是城市中有生命的绿色基础设施，亦是现代城市的象征和文明的标志，兼具生态和景观的双重作用。一方面具有改善城市生态环境、维持城市生态平衡的重要作用；另一方面，为城市居民提供游憩活动的场所，营造了城市景观风貌、丰富了城市景观文化。城市绿地在结构上表现为人工设计的植物景观、自然植物景观或半自然植物景观，而不同功能类型的绿地或林带需要以特定的植物群落类型为基础。作为城市绿地的基本组成单元，植物群落的种类组成、结构以及健康状况将直接影响着绿地系统的景观和生态功能发挥。此外，植物群落还对城市植被特征具有较强的指示作用，能体现出城市的地方特色和绿色文化。由此可见，植物群落的类型及其生态景观功能将成为绿地建设者和管理者十分关心的问题。 上海从上世纪末开始大力发展城市绿化事业，不断完善了城市生态系统，大大改善了城市的生态环境，2003年创建了“国家园林城市”，为后期建设城市森林打下了良好的生态基础。本文以上海中心城区绿地作为研究对象，应用法瑞调查法对不同类型的绿地内的人工植物群落类型及其种类组成、群落结构特征进行调查，并运用生态学分类方法划分城市绿地植物群落类型，建立分类体系，并与分布于佘山、大金山岛的自然植被类型进行比较。在群落调查的基础上，运用综合评价法和德尔斐(Delphi)专家调查法，建立群落生态与景观协调度评价指标体系，对中心城区绿地群落进行评价。得出以下结论： (1) 本文通过对上海城区63个绿地单元进行了群落调查，共调查群落489个，运用“植被型组—植被型—群系组—群系—群丛”五级分类方法，划分出6个植被型组、17个植被型和184个群系类型。 (2) 植物群落类型丰富，以落叶阔叶林和常绿落叶阔叶混交林两种类型为主，常绿阔叶林虽在中心城区出现频率较高，但群落类型不够丰富，以香樟林和广玉兰林为主；落叶阔叶林在上海城区绿地中占据较大的优势，不仅具有较高的出现频率，且群落类型也是十分丰富。虽然上海中心城区绿地群落类型在数量上虽远高于大金山岛、佘山及周边丘陵地区，但地标性植物群落应用不足，以青冈群落、红楠群落和苦槠群落为代表的常绿阔叶林类型在城市绿地中未见出现。许多人工群落配置缺乏生态学依据，过度强调园林景观效果，群落种类组成单一、结构简单，导致城市植被地域性体现不足。 (3) 通过对所调查群落的结构特征分析，上海中心城区绿地植物群落基本上可以划分为两大类型：单层型群落模式和复层型群落模式，又以复层结构的乔木林为主，出现频率达77％。其中“乔-灌-草”结构出现频率最高，达48％，“乔更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban green space, as the green infrastructure of city and crucial part of city ecosystem, play an important role in improving urban living environment and maintaining ecological balance, urban green space is mostly made up of three ypes landscapes: artifical plant forest, natural vegetation and semi-natural vegetation. The function and structure of green space are based on special types of plant community. Therefore, plant community which is the essential unit of the urban green has an influence on the function of urban-green space system by its structure and species component, and furthermore, it shows us the characteristcs of urban vegetaiton and city green culture. Thus it can be see the tpye and function of plant community would be an impotant issue to which government and research department play attention.Shanghai has constructed urban green space from middle period of 20 century, and great progresses have been made. In 2003, it was awarded garden city for its beautiful living enviroment. In this paper, we did research on types and characteristcs of plant communities in urban green, and established the classification system of plant communities in Shanghai urban-green space. On the base of comprehensively research on urban green space in Shanghai urban area, an indices system was built by using the methods of Stratified analysis and Delphi. Some useful results are give as follows:1. After 489 green communities have been investigated in 63 green spaces, six vegetation type groups, seventeen vegetation types and 184 main plant formations were classified according to the vegetation classification system of "Chinese vegetation": vegetation type group, vegetation type, vegetation subtype, plant formation, plant association.2. On the one hand, the plant community tpyes are more abundance than which in natural forest. Deciduous broad-leaved forest and evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest are the main types of the artificial vegetation in Shanghai urban area. Although the appearance frequency of evergreen broad-leaved forest is high, its type is lacking, form. Cedrus deodara, form. Magnolia grandiflora and form. Ligustrum lucidum are the main tpyes of EBF. On the other hand, owing to lack of regional plant communities, the urban green can’t present a local characteristcs of natural vegetation of Shanghai. Some regional plant community types, such as Cyclobalanopsis glauca community, Castanopsis sclerophylla community and更多还原