节点文献

我国舆论监督与政府官员名誉权的冲突与规制

The Study of the Public Scrutiny and the Government Official’s Right of Reputation

【作者】 徐文生

【导师】 陈爱平;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 政治学理论, 2006, 硕士

【摘要】 舆论监督是指公民和媒体对政府机关或公共权力的行使者滥用权力等不当行为所作的公开批评。近年来我国公共权力滥用之普遍、危害结果之严重,令人触目惊心。人们意识到缺乏监督与制约的权力必定导致腐败。由于公共部门内部的权力监督与制约往往不能发挥应有的作用,人们寄期望于社会舆论的监督机制,希望通过舆论遏制腐败的滋生和蔓延,促使公共权力的正确行使,纠正权力滥用现象,以达到监督和制约的目的。由于舆论监督与政府官员名誉权存在各不相同的价值取向,导致两者在一定范围内的冲突。近年来由于舆论监督、新闻报道引起的名誉权诉讼日益增多。文章以两者紧张关系为切入口,全面探讨了两者的保护现状及实现两者之间合理平衡的制度路径。 第一章从界定舆论、舆论监督的概念入手,提出在舆论监督的主体上应持公众和媒体二元主体的观点,认为舆论监督的主要对象在于对公共权力及其行使者的监督,并在界定政府官员范围的基础上论证了政府官员也享有民法上的名誉权保护。 第二章具体分析了我国名誉权法制的现状及处理舆论监督与政府官员名誉权冲突的司法实践,指出当前表面上的平等保护导致两者在实质保护上的不平衡,严重牵制了正当舆论监督作用的发挥;在此基础上比较了有关政府官员名誉权的三种不同观念,认为由于政府官员角色的二重性,政府官员名誉权区别于一般私人的名誉权,为促进舆论监督作用的发挥政府官员应让渡一部分名誉权。 第三章在前文提出的理论预设上,从社会主义人民民主、权力制约、言论自由三个维度论述了优先保护舆论监督与限制政府官员名誉权的正当性;并从舆论监督与社会稳定、舆论监督与正面宣传的舆论导向两个角度回应了当前在舆论监督上的一些不正确的思想。 第四章在既定的建构理论的指导下,以名誉权法制现状为基础,指出在舆论监督和政府官员名誉权问题上应确立“实际恶意”、“事实——评论分离”、“公共事务与私人事务分离”的原则,重新确立名誉权诉讼举证责任分配方式,以实现两者之间合理的平衡状态。其中涉及国外相关案例的介绍、成功经验的借鉴以及对一些改进途径的论证。最后依据世界各国名誉权法制发展的大趋势,提出从长远讲应制定我国的新闻法,并提出立法相关的具体建议,而当前可以通过大力推进新闻司法,通过司法创新以解燃眉之急。

【Abstract】 The Public Scrutiny is refer to public criticism to right abuses of governmental agency or the public authority by the citizen and the media. Recent years people realized the lack of surveillance and restriction surely caused corruption. People hoped to restrain corrupt multiplying and urge the public authority keeping on correct line through the Public Scrutiny. However the various value orientations between the public opinion and the government officials which supervised causes clash in the certain scope.At the beginning, the article limited the concepts of Public Opinion, the Public Scrutiny and the hosts of Public Supervision. The great majority of chapter one proved the government official enjoy the right of reputation protection in the civil law.Second chapter specifically analyzed the present reputation legal system of our country, and the judicature practices about right conflict between supervision and the government official rights of reputation. Second chapter pointed out that current superficial equal protection causes imbalance in the substantive protection, as a result ,it seriously hindered the function of public supervision.Chapter three proved the rationality of preferential protecting public supervision and restraining government official reputation right from socialist democratic theories of people, power restrain theory , freedom of speech theory.Chapter four designed rules in order to realize the real equilibrium between public supervision and government official reputation right under the guidance of preceding theories. According to the main trend of reputation right legal system development all over the world, this article proposed making the law of public supervision of our country ,and put forward some relevant concrete suggestions finally.

  • 【分类号】D630.9
  • 【被引频次】3
  • 【下载频次】648
节点文献中: 

本文链接的文献网络图示:

本文的引文网络