【作者】 黄海英；

【导师】 黄绍华；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 食品科学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本课题对白术的活性成分—白术黄酮类化合物、白术精油和白术多糖等进行提取、分离，纯化，并研究了其组成、结构及功能性。 白术系菊科草本植物白术(Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz)的根茎，是国家卫生部公布的药食同源物。目前对白术的研究主要集中在白术精油化学成分的分析检测和药理作用方面。本文通过研究，确定并优化了白术黄酮类化合物、白术精油以及白术水溶性多糖提取的最佳工艺条件；通过气质联用及薄层层析研究了白术中精油组成和含量的差异；研究了白术多糖的分离、纯化路线；采用凝胶过滤法和HPLC法测定了多糖的分子量分布范围；采用酸水解法及单糖衍生气相色谱法测定其中的单糖组成，并通过红外、紫外光谱等方法对多糖进行初步的结构表征；研究了白术多糖、白术黄酮类化合物、白术精油清除·OH自由基作用以及白术多糖对α—淀粉酶活性的体外抑制作用。 通过均匀分析获得白术黄酮类化合物提取的最佳条件：95％乙醇，液固比18.24：1，提取时间120min；白术精油石油醚回流提取的最佳工艺条件：液固比14：1，提取时间150min，提取次数为1次：通过正交实验获得白术水溶性多糖热水提取的最佳工艺：固液比为1：21，温度90℃，提取时间2h。用热水提取法从生白术中获得的粗多糖经过去离子，脱色，脱蛋白，透析，醇沉获得纯化的白术精多糖，经DEAE-纤维素柱层析分离出两个组分，中性组分AMP-1和酸性组分AMP-2。Sephedax G200柱层析分析结果表明：AMP-1是一个纯的单一的组分，AMP-2由两个组分组成—AMP-2a和AMP-2b。采用凝胶过滤法和HPLC法测得AMP-1、AMP-2a、AMP-2b的分子量分别为6732.87、17450.18、5977.23和5896.43、18239.82、6509.44。气相色谱分析结果表明RAMP和AMP-1中的单糖均以果糖、阿拉伯糖和葡萄糖为主。白术多糖对α-淀粉酶有一定的抑制作用，其中以粗多糖的抑制作用最大。白术中各类活性成分对·OH自由基的清除作用以白术黄酮类化合物最强，当浓度仅为0.434mg／mL，清除率可高达到87.84％，白术精油也具有较好的清除效果，最高可达40.97％，白术多糖对·OH自由基的清除效果相对较低，最高达19.84％，且粗多糖优于精多糖。 本研究为白术作为保健食品的开发提供了科学依据，丰富了食品化学研究内容，对充分利用我国的天然植物资源具有重要的科学意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The extraction, separation, purification, structural features and function of the active componentsflavones, essential oil and polysaccharides seperated from Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz（AMK） were investigated. Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz is a feverfew plant which has been publicized as one of edible Chinese herbs by National Sanitation Department.With the uniformity design of U₅（5³）, the optimal conditions of extraction of flavones were obtained as follow: adding 18.24 times of 95% ethanol as much as Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Rhizoma’s weight in 80℃ for 120 min by 1 time extraction. With the uniformity design of U₅（5³）, the optimal conditions of extraction of essential oil were obtained as follow: adding 14 times of petroleum ether as much as Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Rhizoma’s weight in 85℃ for 150 min by 1 time extraction. With the orthogonal design of L₉（3⁴）, the optimal conditions of extraction of water-soluble polysaccharides were obtained as follow: adding 21 times of water as much as the weight of AMD powder. Coarse water-soluble Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Rhizoma polysaccharides （CAMP） were purified by denionzing, decolor, deproteinze, dialysis and deposition in order to get Refined Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Rhizoma polysaccharides （RAMP）. AMP-1 and AMP-2 were separated by DEAE-cellulose column from RAMP, and then they were purified by Sephedax G200 gel column. The results showed that AMP-1 was a neutral and pure polysaccharide, AMP-2 was a acidic polysaccharide which consists of two fractions, AMP-2a and AMP-2b.The molecular weight of AMP-1, AMP-2a, AMP-2b was about 6732.87, 17450.18, 5977.23 and 5896.43, 18239.82, 6509.44 which were obtained by gel-filtration method and HPLC method. GC analysis showed that fructose, arabinose, glucose are the main components in RAMP and AMP-1.All the active components in AMD have the function of anti-oxidation. The flavones is a good radical scavenger, when at a low concentration （ 0.434mg/mL）, the scavenge rate goes up to 87.84%. So does the essential oil, whose scavenge rate is 40.97% at the concentration 0.137mg/mL. AMP can inhibit the activity of a-amylase to some extent.This research provides scientific reference for the further study and development of AMK as a natural plant resources in China. Besides, it enriches the theory of food chemistry and food nutrition.更多还原