【作者】 王贺云；

【导师】 刘晓红；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 化学工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文介绍了一种由磷肥副产氟硅酸制取冰晶石的新工艺。用碳酸氢铵作为氨解剂，通过单因素试验、正交试验研究了氟硅酸初始浓度、配料比、反应温度、反应时间等因素对生成的氟化铵浓度及白炭黑收率的影响，得到适宜的工艺条件；通过单因素分析法、正交实验确定了反应溶液的PH值、配料比、反应温度、反应时间、加料速度等对白炭黑的比表面积、吸油值的影响，并得到制取优质高产白炭黑的最佳工艺条件；通过对反应速度影响因素的探讨，确定第一步反应是受化学反应控制，推导出其动力学模型。 第二步用得到的氟化铵溶液与硫酸钠和硫酸铝反应制得冰晶石。试验研究了氟化铵浓度、反应温度、反应时间等因素对冰晶石中氟、铝含量的影响，通过正交试验得到制取高收率冰晶石的适宜工艺条件；同时本文还探讨了加晶种、反应料液PH值等对冰晶石结晶颗粒大小的影响，为合成易过滤、颗粒粗大冰晶石提供了一定的参考意见：最后通过真空蒸发、过滤得到农用品硫酸铵。并用扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积测试(BET)、X射线衍射仪等手段对产品的性能进行了表征，分析测试结果表明，产品冰晶石等均符合国家有关标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article introduce the new craft that prepared cryolite from fluosilicic acid-a by-product of a phosphate fertilizer factory, ammonium hydrocarbonate as ammonia agent. Through the single factor experiment and the orthogonal experiment, some factors such as initial density of silicofluoric acid , ingredient ratio, reaction temperature, reaction time and so on influence the ammonium fluoride density and obtain the best reaction conditions to get the ammonium fluoride density and the yield of the carbon white, through the single factor analytic method, the orthogonal experiment had determined the response solution pH value, the ingredient ratio ,the reaction temperature, the reaction time .filling rate and so on the influence on the oilabsorption and the specific surface area of the carbon white; and obtained the best craft condition to prepare the good quality and high output of the carbon white. More over, to discuss the influence to the reaction rate, determined the first step of reaction is controlled by chemical reaction and infers its dynamics model.With the second step, cryolite is manufactured through the reaction of the ammonium fluoride solution and the sodium sulfate and the aluminum sulfate. The experiment study those factors such as ammonium fluoride density, reaction temperature, reaction time and so on to the content influence to the fluorine and the aluminum in the cryolite. Through the orthogonal experiment, get the most suitable craft conditions about preparation of the high yield of the cryolite. At the same time, this article has also discussed the stirring rate, filling seed crystal and the pH value of the reaction solution and so on to the influence of crystallization pellet size of the cryolite, has provided the certain advisory opinion for synthesizing the cryolite of easy to filter and big size pellet. Finally through vacuum evaporation and filter, the agricultural ammonium sulfate is obtained. With the scanning electricity mirror(SEM),the specific surface area test, X-beam diffraction meter and so on, the product performance carries on the attribute. The analysis test result has indicated that those products including the cryolite conformed to the national related standard.更多还原