【作者】 李丽；

【导师】 张维奇； 张磊； 吴炳方；

【作者基本信息】 南昌大学 ， 水利水电工程， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 土地利用／土地覆被变化是全球变化的重要组成部分之一，在全球环境变化和可持续发展中占有重要的地位，已被列入“国际地圈与生物圈计划(IGBP)”的核心项目。土地利用和土地覆被动态已经被认为是一个关键而迫切的研究课题。 三峡库首区作为生态环境脆弱区，一直是全球关注的焦点，本文选取三峡库首区作为研究区，以遥感和地理信息系统为主要技术手段，采用面向对象的分类方法，提取了1992年和2002年两期TM影像的土地利用分类结果，并从土地利用／土地覆被的角度出发，阐明了十年间库首区的土地利用／土地覆被在数量、结构、动态度和程度以及区域差异等方面的特点，分析了整个库首区的景观格局，并进一步揭示了导致土地利用／土地覆被变化的主次因子，并针对土地资源的可持续发展提出了一些对策。得到以下结论： 1．整个库首区以耕地和林地为主，十年间，建设用地有显著的增加，表现为城市绿地和非线性建设用地的动态度最大，耕地大量减少，这主要是因为三峡工程建设，建设用地占用了大量的耕地，乔木林与灌木林变化较大，而且呈相反的趋势，它们之间的转换也比较明显。 2．从分县的角度分析，兴山县的建设用地和水库变化显著，这主要是因为新县城和水库的建立，表现为动态度大于其他三县，秭归县的建设用地变化也较大，这主要是因为三峡大坝对秭归县的土地利用格局影响较大。 3．通过对土地利用程度的分析，全区的土地利用处于发展期，秭归县的土地利用处于调整期，其他三县的土地利用则处于发展期，说明了三峡工程建设对秭归县的影响较大。 4．从全区的景观格局分析，十年间，多样性指数增加了，优势度相应的减少了，这说明了十年间研究区各景观类型所占的比例差异在不断减少，耕地和林地景观占优势的地位在明显减少，均匀度指数减少了，景观类型的分布不均匀程度增加了，破碎度程度增加了，主要是因为受人为干扰的原因，各景观类型向分散状态发展。 5．引起三峡库首区土地利用变化的主导因子是三峡工程建设和生态环境建设，更多还原

【Abstract】 Being one of the most important parts in the global change research, Land use / land cover change (LUCC) plays an influential role in the global environment change and sustainable development, and is included in the core items of IGBP (International Geosphere and Biosphere Programme). Thus land use / land cover change has been considered as a crucial and urgent research theme.Due to its sensitive and fragile environment, Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) has long been the focus of the world. In this paper the research chooses the Lower Area of Three Gorges Reservoir (LTGR) as the research area, which takes advantage of two sets of Landsat TM image data of 1992 and 2002. Based mainly on the technology of RS and GIS we extract the classification result of land use through object-oriented method. Focused on the LUCC, the paper illustrates the quantities, inner structure, dynamic degree, land use degree and regional diversity features of the land use/land cover changes in LTGR, and also analyzes the landscape pattern of this area. Furthermore, the primary and secondary reasons for the change of land use/land cover are pointed out. And some countermeasures are put forward to aim at the sustainable development of land resources. The conclusions are:1. The mainly land types in LTGR are cultivated land and woodland. The land for construction has obviously increased in ten years, which shows the highest dynamic degree in urban vegetation and construction land. The cultivated land has decreased for the reason that Three Gorges project construction occupied plenty of cultivated land. A wide stretch of forestland transform into shrubland.2. When analyzed county-by-county, great changes have taken place in XingShan country’s construction land and reservoir, mainly because of the construction of the new county and the reservoir. And the dynamic degree is bigger than the other three counties. The land for construction in ZiGui country has also changed greatly for the Three Gorges Dam has great influence on the land use structure in this area.3. Through the analysis of land use situation in this area, the whole area’s land use is in developing stage except ZiGui country, which is in adjusting stage. This also proves that the Three Gorges Project has greater influence on ZiGui country.4. When analyzing the landscape pattern of the whole area, we find an increase in diversity index and a decrease in dominance degree, which illuminates the proportional difference among the landscape types has decreased constantly and is expressed by the obvious diminishment of the dominant status of cultivate land and woodland. The decreasing equality index, increasing evenness degree of landscape type distribution and increasing fragmentation degree also illuminate that every更多还原