熵定律与人口分布

【作者】 史学斌；

【导师】 刘家强； 邵昱；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 人口学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以热力学第二定律——熵定律和耗散结构理论为基础,借鉴物理学的概念和方法,并运用严谨的逻辑推导和有力的例证,提出了关于人口分布以及人口迁移和城市化动力机制的新的理论解释,具体结论就是:人口在地域空间的分布是人口按有效能量进行分布的外在表现形式;人口迁移和城市化的动力来自于两个地区或城乡之间人口能量密度差异所导致的能量势差力。围绕所要阐述的中心论点,全文共分为了六个部分:第一部分是文章的导论。在这一部分,作者主要对论文研究目的、选题角度、研究方法、研究范围与框架以及创新与不足作了一番交待。在文章的第二部分,作者对前人已有研究成果作了一番梳理,将现有人口迁移与城市化动力机制理论归纳概括为推力—拉力说、引力说、城市聚变引力—乡村裂变推力说、人口压力说、自身反应说和产业结构升级说等六种学说,并对其优缺点进行了简要评述。文章的第三部分首先论述了运用自然科学的概念和定律研究社会科学问题的可能性,阐明了这种研究不但是必要的也是可能的,并且是被过去成功的先例反复证明了的。随后,文章对熵定律和耗散结构理论的内容作了简要地介绍,并且论述了生命体和人类社会的耗散结构本质决定了其存在和功能的维持和发展都必须源源不断地从系统外部获得负熵。如果以是否为人类所利用为界线,生态系统的能量流动就分化为了两个部分:始终在人类社会外部流动不为人类所疏导利用的外能流和进入到人类社会并且能够为人类所疏导利用的内能流,其中,内能流又包括食物链能流和技术链能流。随着科技水平的进步,食物链能流和技术链能流的规模和热效率在不断的增大和提高,从而使人类社会有效能量利用量不断增加,这在现实社会中就表现为生产力的进步和社会财富的增加。也可以说,正是由于人类社会内能流及其热效率的不断提高推动了人类社会不断进步。在文章第四部分,作者首先通过地球人口容量和适度人口的研究,使人口与能量建立起了联系,并提出了人口容量与适度人口的热更多还原

【Abstract】 The dynamic Mechanism of Migration and urbanization is a key issue in the research of Migration and urbanization. The thesis makes out a new theory of dynamic Mechanism of Migration and urbanization based on the Entropy law and dissipative structure theory. The thesis consists of six chapters, which basic framework is as follows:Part one is the introduction of the thesis. In this part, the author mainly explains the research purpose, selected title angle, research approach, research range and frame, innovation and Insufficient.In the second part, the author summarizes existing theory about population migration and urbanization dynamic mechanism as six theories and comments their Advantages and disadvantages briefly.The third part of the article has analyzed the possibility that uses concept and law of natural science to study the social science problem at first. Subsequently, the author make a brief introduction to the entropy law and dissipate structural theory and expound the fact that the life entity and the human society both are Typical dissipation structural which determine their exist and function keep and development must Absorb energy from the external system. If regard utilizing the boundary line by mankind, the energy of the ecosystem flows and splits up for two parts: The internal energy flows and The External energy flows. The internal energy flows include the food chain energy flows and the technological chain energy flows. With scientific and technological progress, the scale and thermal efficiency of food chain energy flows and technological chain energy flows improved and the effective energy of human society increase constantly, which is being shown as progress of productivity and increase of wealth of society in realistic society.In the fourth part, the author set up a connection between population and energy through the study of population carrying capacity and更多还原