论民法解释的客观性

【作者】 何慎均；

【导师】 喻敏；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 民商法学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 民法解释,就是对书面的民事法律条文进行理解与阐释,从而获得民事法律规范,以此来作为民事案件裁判的依据。民法解释的目的是为了获得民事法律规范,客观的解释民事法律条文,而不是完全的按照自己的主观偏见理解法律、适用法律是民法解释的客观要求。因此,民法解释必须遵循客观性的解释原则。民法解释的客观化是民法解释所要追求的目标,要达到该目标的前提条件是解释目标的客观存在。但是作为解释目标的民事法律条文中蕴涵的民事法律规范是客观存在的吗?如果是客观存在的,是以什么样的标准进行界定?是立法者的意志还是法律条文本身蕴涵的民事法律规范是客观的?对这些问题的理解不同而产生了不同的认识。根据不同的认识可以将民法解释目标的客观论分为两类,一种称为主观解释论,该理论认为法律条文反映的是立法者的立法意图,法律规范客观的存在于民法法律条文之中,对民法解释的目标是通过对法律条文的阐释,发现立法者的立法意图;客观解释论者认为法律一经制定,立法者的意图就已经消失,法律规范存在的依据是客观存在的表现为白纸黑字的法律条文,法律规范就客观的存在于民法法律条文之中,民法解释的目标也就是通过解释民法条文得到该规范。两种理论都认为有一个客观的法律规范等待解释者去解释获得,不论是作为立法者的立法意志还是作为纸面真理的法律条文都是如此。在法律解释的本质问题的认识上,客观解释论和主观解释论都正确的揭示了民法解释必须遵循客观性解释的原则,不能完全根据解释者自身的好恶进行判断,从而可能导致解释者为所欲为。但是两种解释理论都将法律解释的客观性的希望寄托在并不可靠的解释对象的客观性上面,却是不正确的。通过对两种解释理论的分析与评判,以及对民法解释的本质的理论分析,笔者认为在绝大多数情况下,民法解释是能够按照法律条文的规定进行解释的,这种情况下,并不存在解释客观与否的问题,只有当法律没有规定或者规定不明确的情况更多还原

【Abstract】 The aim of leagal explain is the objectivity of the legal explain,but if we want to achieve this aim,the condition is that the aim of legal explain is exist. There are two theory of legal explain because the different of comprehend about the aim of legal explain. Subjectiveer think that the aim of legal of explain is to find the legislation intent of legislatorial in the statute law,and the impersonality think that the aim of legal of explain is to find the law criterion which hide under the law text that constitute by the legislatorials. Each theory have a same on the assumption that there is a objectivity law criterion which can be found by the explainer though the science methods.On the basic of the analyse of the two theories about the legal explain,the author think the essence of law explain is the interpreter’s value judgement. The objectivity of legal interprete is the objectivity of the interpreter’s value judgement,is’t the objectivity of the aim of legal interpreter.Base on the upward cognition,the author think there are some approaches which help the interpreter achieve the aim of objectivity of the legal explain: ameliorating the judiciary,accelarate the independence of the judiciary , especially the independence of the adjudgement; strengthening the construct of the legal community , advance the homogeneity of the thonght of the legal community; bring up the judge’s loyal to the law; follow the scientific methods to explain the act and fill arguementation to the conclusion and the judgement and completeness public the process law illation,check up the objectivity of the law explain.Finally,the author hold this act is the truth: the main body of the law interpreter is not only include the judge,but also the lawyer and the law更多还原