【作者】 朱宏科；

【导师】 吴平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 植物学， 2006， 硕士

【摘要】 大型真菌(蘑菇)是中国传统中草药的重要组成部分，由于其富含具有生物活性的化合物，因而成为新型药物开发的一种重要的天然资源，越来越引起人们的重视。近几十年来，国内外的科学家对蘑菇抗肿瘤活性、提高机体免疫力等方面做了大量的研究。但是对其抗真菌、抗细菌的活性研究并不多。本论文主要关注其抗细菌、抗真菌方面的活性，对采集自云南、湖南、浙江等地的147种大型真菌开展了以下工作： (1) 完整系统地评价了147种大型真菌的抗细菌活性。 采用琼脂凝胶扩散法，从这147种大型真菌的石油醚(petroleum ether)、乙酸乙酯(ethyl acetate)和乙醇(ethanol)三种溶剂提取物中，发现了103份石油醚、乙酸乙酯或乙醇提取物对大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)具有抑制作用，其中7份大型真菌的提取物对其有很强烈的抑制作用；149份提取物对金黄葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus)具有抑制作用，其中有20份提取物显示了较强烈的抑制作用。 (2) 详细地评价了147种大型真菌的抗真菌活性。 采用改进的琼脂凝胶扩散法，发现了29份大型真菌的提取物对与立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)具有一定的抑制作用，其中11份效果明显：32份提取物对与灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)具有抑制作用，其中效果较好的有10份：64份提取物对与尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)具有抑制作用，其中效果较好的有14份。 (3) 深入研究了11种红菇属大型真菌抗细菌活性。 在对上述大型真菌的粗提物抗细菌、抗真菌活性筛选中，发现红菇属(Russula)的几个种有很强的抗菌效果，特别是对细菌。由此增加了革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌(Bacillus sp.)、肺炎克雷伯杆菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)3种细菌菌种的测试，对红菇属11种蘑菇在初步抗细菌活性评价的基础上进行了最低抑菌浓度(MIC)测试。实验结果显示，大白菇、臭黄菇和拟臭黄菇的提取物对金黄葡萄球菌具有很强的抗菌活性。此外，花盖红菇的乙酸乙酯提取物比其他红菇的提取物对大肠杆菌、革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌具有更好的抑菌效果。 本研究在大型真菌抗细菌、真菌方面所进行的这些基础工作，可为进一步从蘑菇资源中提取分离具有抗细菌、抗真菌活性的新药和先导化合物提供丰厚的材料和进一步实验的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Macro-fungi (mushroom) are important resources of Chinese tranditional herbal medicine. Many compounds with bio-activities have been found in macro-fungi for the exploitation of potential drugs. Many researchs have focused on the screening the compounds for fungi’s antitumaous effect, immunity improvement, while limited reports on the components with antibacterial and antifungi activities. In this work, we focuse on the antiabacterial and antifungal activities of 147 fungi species from Yunnan, Hunan and Zhejiang province:(1) Evaluation of the antibacterial activities of the extracts from 147 macro-fungi speciesWith the agar diffuse method, we found that 103 extract samples extracted using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol from 147 fungi species have inhibiton effect on Escherichia coli. Among them, 7 extracts possessed significant antibacterial activities. We also found that 149 extract samples have antibacterial activities to Staphylococcus aureus, and 20 of these showed impressive inhibition effect.(2) Evaluation of the antifungal activities of the extracts from 147 macro-fungi speciesWith an improved agar diffuse method, 29 extracts showed fungicide effect to Rhizoctonia solani, and 11 of them showed impressive inhibition activities. 32 extracts showed inhibition effect to Botrytis cinerea, and 10 of them showed obvious antifungal activities. 64 extracts showed inhibition effect on Fusarium oxysporum, 14 of which have sighnificant effect.(3) Antibacterial evaluation of 11 Russula speciesFrom the preliminary screening tests, we found that some species from Russula genus showed strong antimicrobial activities, especially to bacteria strains. Three other bacteria strains, Bacillus sp., Klebsiella pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis were used for further test. And minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts of these 11 mushroom species was tested. The results showed that: The extracts of Russula delica, Russula foe ten and Russula laurocerasi possess significant antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus. Besides, ethyl acetate extract from R. cyanoxantha showed impressive effects on E. coli, Bacillus sp., Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bacillus subtilis than other extracts.The results of this work provide useful data materials for natural exploitation of antibacterial and antifungal medicines.更多还原